结合分割和改进SIFT的不同波段SAR图像配准

针对不同波段SAR图像配准问题,提出一种结合阈值分割和改进SIFT描述子的配准方法。该方法首先基于改进的二维交叉熵进行图像分割,通过形态学处理获得图像的稳定区域;然后利用Sobel算子改进特征点梯度幅值和方向的计算,并通过优化的梯度位置方向直方图(GLOH)特征生成新的关键点描述子;最后采用距离比和快速抽样一致(FSC)算法获得最佳匹配点对,完成图像配准。实验结果表明,该方法在提升算法效率的同时,可以获得较高的配准精度。     

一种基于图像分类的遥感图像配准方法

遥感图像配准是遥感图像融合中最重要的预处理步骤。寻找适应性强、精度高、计算快的配准算法一直是研究的核心问题。在研究现有配准算法的基础上,提出了一种基于图像分类的特征匹配方法。该方法在基于控制点的多项式粗配准的基础上,利用分类图像相关实现了基于仿射变换模型的精配准。实验结果表明:对于同质和异质遥感图像,此方法的配准精度都达到了子像素级;而计算量与传统的基于灰度相关的方法和基于特征匹配的方法相比则大为减少。     

采用局域像素匹配的随机抽样一致改进算法

为提高图像拼接的配准精度和稳健性,提出基于局域像素匹配的随机抽样一致改进算法。在完成尺度不变特征变换算子或其他算子图像特征提取、特征匹配之后,利用独立于特征匹配点的局域像素,通过参考图像局域像素与映射的待拼接图像局域像素匹配,优选4对最佳特征匹配点,确定最佳单应矩阵。实验结果表明:与随机抽样一致经典算法相比,该方法未明显增加计算耗时,单应矩阵更准确,图像拼接稳健性更好。     

基于相位相关和自适应阈值的图像亚像素配准

针对图像的亚像素配准问题,提出了一种基于相位相关和自适应阈值技术来计算图像间平移参数的方法.先通过传统的相位相关技术得到图像间的整数平移参数,接着引入由整数平移参数自适应确定的阈值来消除相位相关矩阵的主导奇异向量中相应的高频部分,最后使用主导奇异向量剩下的部分来估计非整平移参数.实验结果证实了这一方法具有较高的配准精度和鲁棒性.     

一种基于显著性区域的图像分割算法

针对传统的显著区域的分割方法存在的频谱泄露、无法达到亚像素精度的问题,提出了一种新的基于显著性区域的图像分割算法。利用Lucas-Kanade图像配准算法对大量重复出现模式的最小周期进行估计,从而准确地重建出背景模型;在此基础上,提出了"广义邻域点"的方法,设计自适应尺度的中值滤波器完成前景分量的精确分割;并提出了快速中值滤波器的设计方法,显著降低了计算复杂度。实验证明了该算法能够准确、高效地分割图像,适用于大量重复背景中前景目标的提取。     

基于多约束条件的车载序列图像拼接方法

提出了一种适用于环境测量的车载序列图像拼接方法:首先,对消除畸变后的序列图像相邻帧提取特征点,并采用一种基于多约束条件的匹配算法得到3个正确匹配点对;然后,运用最小二乘法求解图像刚体变换模型参数;最后,通过一种全局配准策略实现序列图像的拼接.试验结果表明:基于多约束条件的配准算法与基于随机抽样一致性(RANdom SAmple Consensus,RANSAC)的配准算法相比,计算效率明显提高,且所得序列图像拼接图具有较高的环境测量精度.     

基于高阶曲面拟合的边缘检测算法研究

图像的边缘检测是图像分析领域十分重要的基础,在工程应用中占有很重要的地位.提出了一种基于高阶曲面拟合的边缘检测算法.算法首先利用自适应滤波对图像进行了去噪处理,接着通过曲面拟合获取图像的梯度信息,最后用统计方法进行了阈值选取.实验证明该算法得到的边缘图像相对简单,边缘点较少,有利于识别,同时该检测算法也为后续的图像分析、图像理解打下了良好的基础.     

基于联合相似测度的SAR图像边缘点特征配准方法

针对SAR图像配准过程中几何变换影响特征匹配稳健性和适应性的问题,提出了一种在特征匹配过程中直接解算几何变换模型的边缘点特征配准方法。利用SAR图像边缘点的梯度和方向特征,基于像素迁移思想,定义了图像匹配的联合相似度——联合特征均方和(SSJF),并建立了SAR图像边缘点集相似性匹配准则;基于方向模板提出了改进的ROEWA算子;利用改进的遗传算法(GA)来进行相似度的全局优化搜索,获取配准模型参数;利用多幅SAR图像的配准试验,对本文方法的性能进行了验证。     

光电侦察动态视频图像拼接中的图像配准算法

侦察视频图像在现代战争中具有重要意义,利用图像处理技术对序列侦察视频图像进行拼接生成的全场景图能提供更加全面的战场信息。在视频图像拼接过程中,图像配准是核心和关键,图像配准的好坏直接影响图像拼接的效果。在研究当前典型图像配准算法的基础上,对SAD块匹配法进行了改进,使之成为适用于光电侦察系统的有效的图像配准算法。     

不均匀光照下的虹膜定位算法研究

虹膜定位是虹膜识别中的基础性环节。针对经典虹膜定位算法易受光照影响且速度慢的问题,分析不均匀光照对虹膜定位的影响,提出最小二乘法粗定位与微积分算法精定位相结合的虹膜定位方法：首先利用形态学灰度运算处理虹膜图像,对处理图像阈值化后提取并修复瞳孔区域,利用最小二乘法对瞳孔区域下部边界点进行内边缘粗略拟合;然后根据外边缘点存在区域的灰度梯度确定虹膜外边缘点,利用最小二乘法进行外边缘粗略拟合;最后利用微积分算法精确定位虹膜内外边缘。以中国科学院虹膜库CASIA（version 2.0）1 200幅虹膜图像做实验,平均耗费时间为4.38 s,定位成功率为98.3%。与经典的Daugman算法和Hough变换算法相比,所提出的算法对不同光照条件下的虹膜图像能更准确、快速地定位。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.