圆柱形装药驱动轴向预制破片飞散特性

为了增强柱形战斗部轴向威力,在无壳柱形战斗部底面布置单层离散的预制破片。开展圆柱形TNT装药驱动轴向预制破片飞散试验,获得预制破片的最大初速、飞散角等特征参数；运用LS-DYNA软件对装药驱动预制破片过程进行数值模拟,阐述预制破片群飞散过程；对装药驱动整体平板理论计算公式进行改进,获得预制破片的最大初速。结果表明:破片初速理论计算结果、数值计算结果和试验结果吻合良好；随着与装药底部中心距离的加大,破片初速、径向飞散角分别近似呈“抛物线”减小、增大；试验实测、理论计算得到的破片最大初速值超过2500 m/s,试验实测的径向飞散角最大约为22°,而周向飞散角则普遍较小,均值在5°以内。     

随动定向战斗部破片飞散特性研究

针对防空导弹常规破片式杀伤战斗部使用中存在能量利用率低的缺陷,提出采用随动定向战斗部的观点。建立随动定向战斗部的破片动态飞散区和飞散速度的计算模型,采用数值解析方法,解决在复杂弹目交会条件下破片的飞散区域与打击速度的计算问题．并用MATLAB软件对建立的模型进行验证,得出仿真结果与实际结果一致,这表明模型是合理、正确的。     

可变形定向破片战斗部模型试验和数值模拟研究

基于可变形定向破片战斗部的作用原理,设计了试验结构模型,并对其进行了静爆试验研究。根据试验结果,建立了有限元分析模型,利用LS-DYNA程序对可变形定向战斗部变形过程以及破片的飞散过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,在目标方向破片密度和速度都有较大幅度增益,数值模拟与试验结果比较吻合。     

轴向和环向双聚焦破片战斗部壳体形状设计

破片定向聚焦是战斗部实现高效毁伤的重要途径。基于Shapiro公式和壳体微元分析方法,提出一种轴向和环向双聚焦破片战斗部壳体形状设计方法,可根据需要的聚焦程度设计对应的壳体形状,利用LS-DYNA中ALE算法对设计的壳体飞散过程进行数值模拟,并考察了壳体形状对破片分布的影响。结果表明:设计的壳体可实现破片在轴向和环向2个方向聚焦飞散,从而获得较大的破片密度增益。     

装备战场损伤试验布局设计仿真研究

装备战场损伤试验存在实施难度大,试验效率低的问题。为提高试验效能,采用AUTODYN,建立预制破片战斗部有限元仿真模型,模拟了战斗部爆炸及预制破片飞散的过程,仿真结果同实弹试验所采集数据基本吻合,验证了所用模拟方法的有效性。通过分析破片侵彻靶板的损伤规律,建立了球形破片撞击靶板损伤相图,结合破片飞散规律,建立了试验布局参考相图。研究结果表明:预制破片战斗部的爆炸及对装备的打击过程,能够通过数值仿真方式准确的进行模拟,从而大大减少试验费用;所建立的试验布局参考相图,能够为试验布局的设计和优化提供一定的参考。     

瞄准式战斗部威力半径与起爆延时研究

瞄准式战斗部的最佳起爆延时与传统周向均匀战斗部有很大区别,相关研究很少,因此需要对其进行系统研究。通过静爆试验得到瞄准式战斗部破片的分布数据,并据此计算出了战斗部静态条件下的威力半径。利用导引头失效前某一时刻所测参数和引信探测到目标初始时刻的参数,结合最佳起爆距离研究结论,通过计算剩余飞行时间,推导出了战斗部的最佳起爆延时。仿真计算结果验证了模型的正确性,同时得出,为避免引信探测到目标前目标就运动到最佳起爆距离处的情况出现,破片束静态锥角应大于等于8.2°。     

飞机类目标毁伤效果评估方法研究

在飞机结构特性、战斗部破片毁伤场等毁伤效能评估基本要素分析基础上,建立了一种破片式战斗部作用下的飞机类目标毁伤效果评估模型。通过对飞机目标结构分析,得到适用于毁伤概率计算的目标几何特征、毁伤模式等易损性信息,结合破片动态飞散特性,给出了破片命中舱段的计算方法,最终通过计算破片对飞机目标的毁伤概率定量描述飞机的易损性。基于此数学模型开发了毁伤评估仿真系统,并通过某型飞机实例验证其可行性。     

杀伤战斗部破片定向飞散特性研究

研究了钢预制破片壳体在四种装药爆轰驱动下的飞散特性。求得了使破片飞行路径呈平行型的预制破片壳体的临界半径及相应的破片初始速度。     

双球破片冲击柱壳装药的临界起爆条件

为了研究导弹战斗部(柱壳装药)在破片场中的累积毁伤问题,在现有单破片起爆平板装药的Jacobs-Roslund经验准则的基础上,分别建立了考虑破片尺寸、破片撞击角度、柱壳装药的装药半径和壳体厚度的单球破片、双球破片冲击柱壳装药临界起爆条件的工程分析模型。该模型计算结果与数值模拟结果和现有试验结果相吻,证明利用该模型能较准确地预测单球破片、双球破片以任意角度冲击柱壳装药的临界起爆条件。     

地空导弹对地面的附带损伤问题研究

研究了地空导弹爆炸时战斗部破片对地面人员附带损伤的问题,选取了破片对人体的杀伤准则,通过分析破片的空中运动特性,对导弹战斗部爆炸时的破片飞散规律进行了探讨,建立了破片散布的数学模型,并在典型的给定计算条件下进行了仿真分析.仿真结果表明,地空导弹在不同高度爆炸时,可计算出对地面人员的有效杀伤破片数量、破片杀伤面积和平均密度以及导弹的安全高度.     

横向效应增强型弹丸正侵穿金属薄靶轴向剩余速度近似计算与分析

运用冲击波理论,对横向效应增强型弹丸(Penetration with Enhanced Lateral Efficiency,PELE)侵穿金属靶板的机理进行了分析,将PELE侵彻过程中能量损失分为外壳撞击靶板区域环形塞块获得的能量,内芯撞击靶板区域塞块获得的能量,冲击波影响范围内外壳和内芯增加的内能,外壳前端外沿和内沿对靶板冲塞剪切耗能等几部分,给出了确定这些能量的计算方法;并依据能量守恒原理,给出了PELE正撞金属薄靶板靶后剩余速度的近似计算公式。公式计算结果与多种条件下实验结果均吻合较好。分析计算所得各能量损失结果表明,弹体内芯材料的变化对弹体侵彻能力的影响较小;侵彻中靶板塞块获得的能量在弹体侵彻动能损失中比重最大;外壳前端内沿对靶板的剪切能耗对弹体动能损失的影响可以忽略。     

分层流体中水平运动潜体产生的内波分析

从线性化的Euler方程和连续方程出发,采用线性自由面条件,通过傅里叶变换法研究水平运动点源在分层流体中产生的内波.利用源汇分布法分析运动潜体产生的lee波,采用稳定相法计算远场速度.计算结果表明,高模态内波的波域角小于低模态内波的波域角,内波的波域角小于Kelvin波的波域角;随航速增大lee波主要表现为散波.     

A study on the surface overpressure distribution and formation of a double curvature liner under a two-point initiation

The formation mechanism of an EFP(explosively formed projectile) using a double curvature liner under the overpressure effect generated by a regular oblique reflection was investigated in this paper.Based on the detonation wave propagation theory,the change of the incident angle of the detonation wave collision at different positions and the distribution area of the overpressure on the surface of the liner were calculated.Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the formation process of the EFP with tail as well as the ability to penetrate 45# steel were performed using LS-DYNA software,and the EFP ve-locity,the penetration ability,and the forming were assessed via experiments and x-ray photographs.The experimental results coincides with those of the simulations.Results indicate that the collision of the detonation wave was controlled to be a regular oblique reflection acting on the liner by setting the di-mensions of the unit charge and maintaining the pressure at the collision point region at more than 2.4 times the CJ detonation when the incident angle approached the critical angle.The distance from the liner midline to the boundary of the area within which the pressure ratio of the regular oblique reflection pressure to the CJ detonation pressure was greater than 2.5,2,and 1.5was approximately 0.66 mm,1.32 mm,and 3.3 mm,respectively.It is noted that pressure gradient caused the liner to turn inside out in the middle to form the head of the EFP and close the two tails of the EFP at approximately 120μs.The penetration depth of the EFP into a 45# steel target exceeded 30 mm,and there was radial expansion between the head and tail of the EFE increasing the penetration resistance of the EFP.Therefore,the structural size of the unit charge and the liner can be further optimized to reduce resistance to increase the penetration ability of the EFP.     

爆炸激波管管口稀疏波对试验段的影响

数值模拟了爆炸激波管不同隔离段长度时管口稀疏波对试验段超压的影响。为了准确高效地模拟试验段入口的超压曲线,采用了一种将一维球对称程序和三维程序相结合的计算方法,并在一维计算中利用爆炸相似律,采用小当量爆炸来模拟实际超压波形。计算结果表明,隔离段长度L的变化不影响超压峰值;L小于等于20m时,稀疏波的影响使得试验段超压的作用时间、比冲量减小;L大于等于30m时,稀疏波对试验段超压无影响。     

Analysis of the stress wave and rarefaction wave produced by hypervelocity impact of sphere onto thin plate

Shock wave is emitted into the plate and sphere when a sphere hypervelocity impacts onto a thin plate. The fragmentation and phase change of the material caused by the propagation and unloading of shock wave could result in the formation of debris cloud eventually. Propagation models are deduced based on one-dimensional shock wave theory and the geometry of sphere, which uses elliptic equations (corresponding to ellipsoid equations in physical space) to describe the propagation of shock wave and the rarefaction wave. The “Effective thickness” is defined as the critical plate thickness that ensures the rarefaction wave overtake the shock wave at the back of the sphere. The “Effective thickness” is directly related to the form of the debris cloud. The relation of the “Effective thickness” and the “Optimum thickness” is also discussed. The impacts of Al spheres onto Al plates are simulated within SPH to verify the propagation models and associated theories. The results show that the wave fronts predicted by the propagation models are closer to the simulation result at higher impact velocity. The curvatures of the wave fronts decrease with the increase of impact velocities. The predicted “Effective thickness” is consistent with the simulation results. The analysis about the shock wave propagation and unloading in this paper can provide a new sight and inspiration for the quantitative study of hypervelocity impact and space debris protection.     

横向效应增强型弹垂直侵彻薄靶的轴向剩余速度理论分析

为了得到横向效应增强型弹（Penetration with Enhanced Lateral Efficiency projectile, PELE）对金属薄靶垂直侵彻后的弹体轴向剩余速度，运用平面冲击波理论，对PELE的侵彻机理进行分析。参照平头弹体对靶板的侵彻模型，将PELE侵彻过程中的能量损失划分为以下几个部分：外壳体和内芯撞靶区域对应的环形塞块获得的能量、冲击波作用下弹体的内能增量以及剪切耗能等。然后根据能量守恒原理，得到PELE垂直侵彻金属薄靶后的PELE弹体轴向剩余速度的理论模型。为了验证该模型的合理性和准确性，设计相应的试验进行验证。结果表明，不同条件下得到的试验结果和理论模型得到的计算结果均吻合得较好。因此，得到的PELE垂直侵彻薄靶的轴向剩余速度理论模型可为工程应用提供指导和参考。     

Nanothermite colloids: A new prospective for enhanced performance

Nanothermites (metal oxide/metal) can offer tremendously exothermic self sustained reactions. CuO is one of the most effective oxidizers for naonothermite applications. This study reports on two prospectives for the manufacture of CuO nanoparticles. Colloidal CuO particles of 15 nm particle size were developed using hydrothermal synthesis technique. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with surface are 700 m²/g was employed as a substrate for synthesis of CuO-coated MWCNTs using electroless plating. On the other hand, aluminium particles with combustion heat of 32000 J/g is of interest as high energy density material. The impact of stoichiometric nanothermite particles (CuO/Al & Cuo-coated MWCNTs/Al) on shock wave strength of Al/TNT nanocomposite was evaluated using ballistic mortar test. While CuO-coated MWCNTs decreased the shock wave strength by 15%; colloidal CuO enhanced the shock wave strength by 30%. The superior performance of colloidal CuO particles was correlated to their steric stabilization with employed organic solvent. This is the first time ever to report on fabrication, isolation, and integration of stablilized colloidal nanothermite particles into energetic matrix where intimate mixing between oxidizer and metal fuel could be achieved.     

基于压力间断解析解对AUSM -up格式的修正*

AUSM -up格式是AUSM类系列格式中最完善的,通过在对流通量中引入压力耗散,同时在压力通量中引入速度耗散,使之在各种马赫数下均有良好的收敛性和稳定性。然而,通过对格式的分析,我们发现当马赫数为零时,在压力间断位置会出现质量通量无穷大的非物理现象。为了克服这一缺陷,采用特征线法获得了压力间断问题的解析解;以此为基础,对对流通量中的压力耗散项进行修正,发展出新的AUSM -up格式。以新的格式对不同速度驱动下的冲击波发展、不同强度压力间断问题和激波衍射问题进行了仿真,计算结果与理论解吻合得较好。     

基于水下脉冲放电的冲击波聚焦实验研究

冲击波的聚焦可以在聚焦区域形成局部较高的压力.基于能产生较强冲击波的水中脉冲放电声源和具有会聚作用的旋转椭球面反射罩建立了水下冲击波聚焦系统,开展了水下冲击波聚焦的实验研究,分析了水下冲击波的聚焦过程.对压力历史、轴线上的压力分布及峰值压力进行了分析,研究了旋转椭球面反射罩的聚焦特性.实验发现聚焦区域会产生负压,并导致局部空化.基于冲击动力学理论对这一现象进行了分析.实验结果表明,水下冲击波聚焦系统具有显著的聚焦效果.     

Dynamic parameters of multi-cabin protective structure subjected to low-impact load – Numerical and experimental investigations

The dynamic response of a multi-cabin protective structure subjected to impact load directly affects the protective performance of materials; thus, studying the dynamic response and communication law of wave effect of the load plays an important role in the prediction of protective performance. In this study, the protection experiments of box-structure under air- and/or water-medium are conducted, the dynamic response of the structure subjected to low-impact load is analyzed, and the corresponding numerical simulations are analyzed using the theory of finite element method (FEM). Combined with experimental and FEM simulations, the shock strain distribution, acceleration attenuation, and signal energy in defensive materials are determined. Based on the results, the metal structure exhibits good absorption characteristics for shock vibration. Using the experimental data, we also show that the attenuation of shock wave in water medium should be significantly better than that in air medium, and the protective structure should be designed for a combination of water and air mediums. Meanwhile, the numerical simulation can provide a quantitative analysis process for dynamic analysis of defensive materials.