星地融合网络中基于遍历容量的地面用户调度算法

星地融合网络采用无人机作为卫星与地面用户的中继设备,有效地解决偏远地区因地面无线覆盖能力不足问题。针对星地融合网络的系统资源调度问题,提出基于遍历容量的比例公平性（ergodic capacity-based proportional fairness,ECPF）调度算法。ECPF调度算法构建基于自由空间光通信（free space optical,FSO）的卫星-无人机的通信模型,并推导FSO链路的瞬时信噪比;构建基于译码转发（decode-and-forward,DF）的无人机-用户的通信模型,并推导RF链路的瞬时信噪比。然后,计算用户的遍历容量,并结合比例公平性（proportional fairness,PF）调度算法对资源进行调度。仿真结果表明,提出的ECPF调度算法更好地保证了用户使用资源的公平性,提升了系统的吞吐量。     

动基地多无人机协同侦察问题研究

综合考虑舰载无人机对目标进行侦察的侦察时间约束,及无人机发射和回收平台运动对无人机回收的时间窗约束,建立了更加贴近无人机作战运用发展的带时间窗约束的动基地多无人机协同侦察问题(M-MUCRP)模型。采用周期进化遗传算法进行求解,随机生成初始解,保证了所有状态的遍历,同时改进遗传过程中的交叉、变异的进化操作,增大了解的多样性,避免了陷入局部最优。仿真说明动基地的侦察模型较之前的多基地侦察模型,更符合舰载无人机侦察问题的实际应用特点。     

面向多星观测调度的分层迭代算法

提出一种基于分治策略的多星观测分层调度框架,在该框架下,用蚁群优化算法把任务分配至各轨道圈次上,并利用自适应模拟退火算法求解各轨道圈次的调度问题。根据各轨道圈次调度结果的反馈情况,再调整任务分配方案,重复上述过程直到达到算法终止条件。为了提高算法的性能,在设计蚁群算法的启发式信息模型时,应充分考虑卫星调度问题的领域知识;在模拟退火算法中设计两个邻域结构,采用动态选择策略在优化过程中确定最佳邻域搜索结构。仿真实验表明,该方法有效地降低了问题求解的复杂度,尤其在求解大规模多星观测调度问题时表现出优异的性能。     

电子侦察卫星联合侦察的混合调度算法

针对电子侦察卫星的使用约束,及不同任务的调度需求,建立了电子侦察卫星联合侦察的多目标混合整数规划模型.利用进化算法的全局搜索能力和变邻域搜索的局部优化能力,提出了一种多目标进化算法和变邻域搜索相结合两阶段混合调度算法MOEA VNS.针对问题多时间窗组合优化特点,设计了进化算子与邻域移动算子,在确保解多样性的同时使算法...     

面向协同区域反恐侦察的无人机集群规划与控制

以无人机集群协同侦察多个区域内潜在的恐怖分子为背景,提出了一种基于贪婪算法的求解思路,设计了任务分配-路径规划-跟踪控制的算法流程,解决了面向协同区域反恐侦察的无人机集群规划与控制问题。首先,设计任务分配算法,为无人机分配任务区域,解决多无人机多目标的任务分配问题;然后,每一架无人机进行路径规划,生成从当前点到任务区域以及在任务区域侦察的组合路径;再使用追踪虚拟目标点的方法,使无人机沿着规划航线飞行。任务分配-路径规划-跟踪控制在线滚动执行,使无人机集群协同执行反恐侦察任务。对上述算法进行了数值仿真,并基于开源仿真平台搭建复合翼无人机协同仿真环境,进一步验证了算法流程。     

基于聚类遗传的多无人机航迹规划

提出了一种在雷达和复杂地形环境下应用并行遗传算法进行多无人机三维航迹规划的方法.将K-均值聚类算法与多种群协同进化的方法结合起来,采用主从式并行进化的方案,提高了收敛速度且便于分布式处理.各子种群采用自适应的进化方法,在保持多样性的同时,保证了算法的收敛性.在根据数字地图建立无人机安全飞行曲面的基础上进行地形跟随和无人...     

多无人机梯次攻击航路规划

为了解决多无人机协同攻击航路规划问题,基于一种雷达威胁等效方法,以及无人机在不同姿态下雷达散射截面RCS(Radar Cross-Section)值随之改变的特性,结合多机作战战术思想,提出了一种多无人机梯次协同攻击同一目标的方法,并利用Dijkstra算法进行多无人机航路规划.仿真结果表明,该方法具有更高的应用价值.     

有人/无人战斗机协同空战模式及能力需求分析

针对未来空战的特点对有人/无人战斗机协同空战的作战模式及能力需求进行了研究.从信息链到武器链时空过渡的角度分析了有人/无人机协同空战的作战优势;提出了两种典型的有人/无人机协同空战方式,并给出了作战过程描述及功能结构分析;基于“观测-评估-决策-执行”指挥控制环分析了有人/无人机协同空战的指挥控制流程;基于协同空战的任务需求提出各参与平台的能力需求.此研究对有人/无人机协同空战的发展具有一定的指导意义.     

不确定条件下多无人机侦察调度问题

结合动态目标的不确定性,构建了动态环境下多无人机协同搜索问题模型,并基于半随机式搜索策略的人工蜂群算法求解该模型。利用双重进化的特点,改进了插入点算子和逆转序列算子,在需要进行两点操作的搜索过程中,随机选取一点,另一点通过遍历可行解来确定最优解的位置。最后在某海域岛礁间距离之和的解空间维度上进行交叉搜索,并应用到局部搜索过程中构成双重进化,实验结果验证了所提出算法的有效性以及解决多无人机调度问题的可行性。     

基于SWE的空天资源对地观测协同任务规划服务模型

空天协同对地观测是对地观测领域的新趋势。为解决现有空天资源规划调度系统相对独立、协同困难的问题,分析总结了SWE(Sensor Web Enablement)标准,并在此基础上提出了空天资源对地观测协同任务规划服务模型。在此模型中,为实现观测资源共享,建立了空天观测资源传感器描述模型,能够描述典型空天资源的载荷平台、观测机理、定位信息、使用约束和工作特性等信息;为简化观测请求交互流程,基于SOA技术对SWE标准操作进行封装及简化,用户可以在不了解观测平台细节信息的情况下提交观测数据请求。为验证模型有效性,构建了空天资源对地观测协同任务规划实验平台,结果表明该模型具有较强的可实现性和适应性。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.