面向作战任务的最小风险传感器调度方法

基于风险理论提出一种面向不同目标探测任务的传感器调度方法。将主动传感器辐射被截获风险和目标探测风险结合起来,建立一般目标探测框架下的传感器最小风险调度模型。分目标跟踪、目标识别和目标威胁等级评估三种情况将传感器最小风险调度模型具体化,给出不同情况下目标探测风险值的计算方法。针对模型的求解提出一种基于混沌思想、反向学习和双向轮盘赌的改进人工蜂群算法。通过仿真实验证明了模型的可行性和算法的有效性。     

导弹防御多传感器协同探测任务规划

针对导弹防御中多部雷达跟踪多个目标的问题,提出一种多传感器协同探测任务规划方法。将协同探测任务分解为按时间排序的若干探测子任务,将探测问题转化为每个子任务中优化分配传感器资源的0-1整数规划问题,求解形成多传感器的协同探测方案,满足探测能力约束和协同探测模式要求。基于假设的导弹防御场景验证方法,结果表明该方法能得到合理的多传感器协同探测方案,实现多种协同探测模式下对多个目标的连续、稳定跟踪。     

基于跟踪精度控制的多传感器管理方法

针对地面机动目标跟踪过程中的多传感器管理问题展开了研究，设计了一种基于跟踪精度控制的多传感器多目标分配方法。首先，在考虑目标与目标之间、目标与传感器之间和传感器与传感器之间等的多种约束条件下运用基于协方差控制的思想建立了多传感器多目标分配问题的优化模型；接着将等价伪量测的异步融合算法与IMM算法结合，计算各目标在不同融合周期的跟踪精度估计值；最后，以目标的跟踪精度需求为出发点，结合蚁群算法的思想，设计了一种求解所建立的多传感器多目标分配问题的优化模型的算法。仿真结果表明：该管理方法能在确保跟踪精度需求的前提下，根据对各目标跟踪任务的重要程度，合理地调度传感器资源。     

基于SRUKF的异类信源多模型跟踪算法

针对多传感器系统中基于冗余和互补信息的机动目标跟踪,以及传感器探测任务平稳交接问题,提出基于SRUKFIMM多信源综合滤波算法进行目标状态估计,提高了目标状态估计精度;并依据当前最新相关量测与滤波预测值的偏差等信息,进行自适应航迹升/降维控制。仿真结果表明:滤波输出稳定平滑、精度高,可有效降低部分信源采样缺失对目标跟踪稳定性的影响,具有较强的鲁棒性能。     

基于时段优化拼接的多传感器协同探测任务规划

针对存在信息保障时间等约束的多传感器协同探测问题,提出一种基于时段优化拼接的多传感器协同探测任务规划方法。将作战过程中多个时间段上的传感器-目标分配问题,转化为“传感器-目标”空间上的传感器工作时段优选与拼接问题,在满足传感器资源限制、对目标探测连续性、传感器接力探测交接班过渡时间等约束下,生成多传感器协同探测计划,使对各目标的探测时段满足信息保障时间要求。在假设的条件下,验证提出的方法,结果表明该方法生成的多传感器协同探测计划满足各项约束,且有助于快速规划多传感器的协同探测任务,方法有效。     

无线传感器网络中多传感器动态自适应调度算法

无线传感器网络中,目标跟踪往往通过节点之间的协作完成。在无迹变换卡尔曼滤波基础上,提出一种多传感器动态自适应调度算法进行目标跟踪。该方法根据预测跟踪精度来确定采样间隔,然后基于特定的检测概率,为下一时刻选择一组传感器,形成一个临时工作组,并指定某一个传感器作为中心节点进行数据融合。仿真结果证明了该算法能有效提高跟踪精度和可靠性。     

基于双层粒子滤波的多传感器多目标TBD算法

针对多传感器多目标检测跟踪问题,提出了一种多传感器多目标双层粒子滤波检测前跟踪算法。算法采用双层粒子滤波结构,在目标检测层中采用量测消除法对多目标逐一检测,形成目标跟踪子粒子群,在目标跟踪层中采用二次重采样的方法对粒子群中粒子分布进行修正,在跟踪过程及时发现并剔除虚假目标。仿真结果表明算法的有效性。     

书讯

由青岛海军潜艇学院夏佩伦教授编著的《目标跟踪与信息融合》一书,于2010年4月由国防工业出版社出版。该书介绍了军事应用背景下目标跟踪和信息融合的主要问题、理论和技术。全书共分8章。第1章探讨多传感器目标检测的数据融合,主要介绍利用分布式多传感器探测目标的结果,来综合判断目标是否存在的判决技术。     

国外舰载红外搜索跟踪系统

红外搜索跟踪(IRST)系统利用低空来袭目标机体散热或发动机尾气等红外特征,来探测跟踪目标的一种被动式全景探测系统。IRST系统有扫描型和凝视型两种型号。前者可在一定范围内进行扫描,用于目标搜索;后者采用无需光机扫描、能覆盖整个视场的二维红外探测器阵列,对目标进行仔细观察和识别。舰载IRST系统具有如下特点:     

Rényi信息增量和协方差联合控制的多传感器管理算法

针对目标跟踪中雷达组网场景下多传感器管理问题,结合Rényi信息增量和协方差两种算法各自特性,利用并行处理的思想提出了一种基于Rényi信息增量和协方差联合控制的传感器管理算法。在具体仿真设计环节,分为传感器跟踪能力大于目标数和传感器跟踪能力小于目标数两种场景。仿真结果表明该算法在单目标匀速、多目标匀加速等多数场景下能够对目标进行有效跟踪,同时降低了传感器的切换频率,具有更好的实时性。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.