基于改进粒子群算法的单预警机动态航迹规划

现代战争的战场环境复杂多变,要求预警机必须在执行任务过程中根据临时获取的战场信息进行实时动态航迹规划,因此动态航迹规划具有更强的实战意义。基于此,首先分析了预警机航迹规划与目前研究的飞行器航迹规划的不同,指出目前研究的静态航迹规划方法不能满足动态规划的实时性要求;其次,对影响预警机动态航迹规划的主要因素进行数学建模后得出代价函数;然后,基于改进粒子群优化算法对其进行动态航迹寻优;最后,通过matlab仿真证明了设计的方法能够自动进行动态航迹规划和评价选优,同时能够满足实时性要求。     

改进型Voronoi图和动态权值A*算法的无人机航迹规划

针对实际作战环境中的不同威胁等级和不同威胁实体的威胁源,提出了改进型的Voronoi图,并建立了基于改进型Voronoi图的航迹规划空间;基于A*算法的估价函数在不同阶段对指标的敏感度不同,在传统的启发式A*搜索算法基础上提出了动态权值A*搜索算法,提高了航迹搜索的效率,实现了航迹搜索过程快速性和准确性的结合。最后通过Matlab仿真计算出由动态权值A*算法得到的最优航迹,并进行了航迹的平滑处理,仿真表明了该方法的可行性。     

多基地多目标无人机协同任务规划算法研究

在多基地多目标多无人飞行器(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)的协同任务规划这类约束条件众多、复杂且耦合的多目标优化与决策问题中,利用传统的粒子群优化算法在寻优时容易陷入局部最优,为此,提出了一种基于模拟退火的混合粒子群算法。基于攻打任务背景,综合考虑无人机的物理性能约束,搭建航迹长度最小适应度函数和威胁代价最小适应度函数以构造目标函数,先利用Voronoi图以及Dijkstra算法进行航迹规划,再利用基于模拟退火的混合粒子群算法进行任务分配。仿真结果表明:所提算法融合了模拟退火算法、粒子群优化算法的优点,能快速求解UAV任务规划的近似最优解,且与粒子群优化算法和模拟退火算法相比,在进化次数足够多的情况下该方法得到的结果更优。     

基于变权重搜索策略无人机航路规划算法

通过对A*算法在路径规划中的应用进行研究,提出了一种新的三维航路动态规划方法,通过对搜索策略引入启发式权重系数,利用加权值自适应方法对算法的评价函数进行设计,改善了传统A*算法在大空间中搜索速度低的缺点,提高航迹点搜索效率,同时将无人机的约束条件有效分割到解空间,便于应用于工程实践。基于优化算法规划的最优航路,设计了导引控制律,使无人机很好地跟随规划的路径,同时生成的期望控制指令充分考虑了无人机本身的机动性能以及实时性要求,解决了航迹规划与航迹跟踪之间的问题,最后进行了仿真验证,结果表明:该方法是可行和有效的,有着较高的优化效率;易于实现,工程实用性强。     

基于BP神经网络的UCAV航迹综合评价

针对目前航迹规划过程中评价指标难以统一且指标权重确定过分依赖主观经验的问题,在建立较为完备的UCAV航迹评价指标体系基础上,引入BP神经网络对UCAV备选航迹进行综合评价,从备选航迹的样本数据出发,客观分析航迹的优劣,为决策者提供更加科学合理的参考依据,最后结合仿真算例,验证了该方法的可行性。     

区域目标搜索中基于改进RRT的UAV实时航迹规划

在线自主航迹规划是无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicles,UAV)执行区域目标搜索任务的有效保证.针对UAV区域搜索中航迹规划的实时性要求,提出了一种固定搜索模式和动态搜索模式相结合的UAV自主航迹规划框架.在快速扩展随机树(RRT)方法的基础上,通过改进随机扩展树的节点选择和引入启发式信息,提出了基于改进RRT的UAV实时搜索航迹规划算法,该算法能够有效降低在线航迹规划的时间代价和扩展节点数.仿真实验结果验证了本文方法的有效性.     

基于DDE改进蝙蝠算法的动态火力分配方法

针对动态火力分配算法耗时长,而传统的蝙蝠算法寻优精度不高等问题,提出了一种基于动态差分改进的蝙蝠算法。该算法首先通过放宽部分约束条件加快生成初始解,然后将动态差分进化算法中的差分变异机制融入到蝙蝠算法中,再利用惩罚函数确保生成的解满足约束条件,最后利用蝙蝠种群进行解的迭代寻优。仿真结果表明,与蝙蝠算法、遗传算法、粒子群算法相比,改进的算法有较高的收敛精度和较快的收敛速率,且更适合应用在较大规模的火力分配问题中。     

一种可实现TF/TA2的无人飞行器三维航迹规划方法

从规划空间的有效表达着手对无人飞行器三维航迹规划展开研究,基于地形和威胁提出的飞行器航迹规划方法将航迹规划分为学习阶段和查询阶段,环境信息和飞行器的大部分约束条件结合在路线图的构造过程中,航迹搜索在此路线图中进行并最终实现全部约束条件.试验结果显示,该方法可以实时获得实现TF/TA2的三维航迹.     

多无人机协同任务规划方法

针对多UCAV协同作战的复杂问题,建立了多无人机任务分配模型,模型在任务规划前进行路径预规划,增强规划过程的准确性,提出一种基于整数编码的多种群混合遗传算法对问题求解并进行仿真实验。实验结果表明,该算法增强了搜索的有效性,极大地避免了遗传算法容易陷入未成熟收敛的缺陷,保证了寻优过程的收敛性和任务规划效果的最优化。     

改进型概率地图航迹规划方法

针对在线航迹规划对时间和内存要求较高,提出一种基于遗传算法的改进型概率地图算法。该方法引入分层规划的思想,在离线航迹规划时,利用遗传算法找到最优初始航迹并建立航迹走廊,以此来缩小概率地图的规划空间。概率地图方法在缩小后的空间中建立概率地图,自由线路数量大大降低,同时使得在线航迹规划搜索范围减少,时间缩短。仿真实例表明,该方案比传统PRM更能满足在线航迹规划的要求。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.