射频发射模块非线性效应的消除方法

射频模块存在相位特性的非线性效应,群延迟随频率的变化不再是一个常数,并可能造成输出射频信号的波形失真,而影响精密射频信号源的输出精度。基于递归最小二乘算法的自适应滤波器,提出了消除其非线性效应的新方法。并以GPS模拟源为例,利用其自校模块,采用软件无线电和数字信号处理技术,精确估计出射频模块的模型参数。将基带合成信号通过一个数字逆滤波器,以消除相位的非线性和群延迟随频率的变化。利用自编的仿真程序包,在Matlab中进行了相应的模拟计算。仿真结果表明,该方法可有效地消除相位非线性效应对射频信号的影响,输出信号的波形失真在理论上可控制在0.01%以内。     

基于AFSA-WNN的Sallen-Key滤波器电路软故障诊断

为提高对Sallen-Key滤波器的软故障诊断能力,提出一种基于多分辨率变换与小波神经网络(WNN)的软故障诊断方法。该方法先引入多分辨率变换提取Sallen-Key滤波器电路的软故障特征,在此基础上,采用人工鱼群算法优化的WNN构建电路软故障诊断模型。仿真结果表明,与单纯的WNN相比,所提出方法对电路软故障的诊断性能更好,总正确率达到94.1%。从而证明该方法用于Sallen-Key滤波器软故障诊断是可行的,也是有效的。     

基于记忆非线性多项式的星地一体预失真算法

传统的基于间接学习结构的预失真技术通常仅考虑对单个地面功放或卫星功放进行补偿,线性化性能有限;文中联合地面功放与卫星功放的非线性失真和卫星信道的实际传输特性,提出了一种适合透明卫星功放的星地一体间接学习预失真算法。该算法利用记忆深度为5、非线性阶数为9的奇偶项多项式作为预失真器,同时采用最小均方(LMS)与递归最小二乘(RLS)联合的算法自适应更新预失真器的系数,以兼顾运算量和收敛速度。仿真结果表明,经过星地一体预失真后,卫星高功放输出端APSK星座图误差矢量幅度改善值达到91.52%,带外功率谱抑制平均提升了11.41dB,系统线性化性能非常理想。     

预失真技术在C波段功率放大器中的应用

文章设计了一个工作在C波段的功率放大器,并针对此放大器设计了模拟预失真电路。选用Agilent公司的ATF-21170砷化镓场效应晶体管作为模拟预失真器的非线性器件,所设计的预失真器具有结构简单、易实现、插入损耗小、三阶互调失真补偿性能较好的特点。仿真结果表明,在输出功率为1dB压缩点时,三阶互调比改善了13dB。     

基于CCII的全集成连续时间双二次滤波电路

本文采用ＭＯＳ电阻电路,由提出的第二代电流传输器ＲＣ多功能块电路,生成了适于全集成的ＣＣＩＩ－ＭＯＳＦＥＴ－Ｃ无损和有损积分器,从而构造出一种新型全集成连续时间双二次滤波电路,可获得低通和带通输出,电路结构简单,便于电控调谐,仿真结果令人满意。     

基于三节阶跃阻抗谐振器的紧凑型三通带滤波器

文章采用三节阶跃阻抗U形谐振器设计了一种新颖的紧凑型三通带滤波器,该滤波器不但具有四个传输零点以改善滤波器的选择性和带外抑制能力,而且在尺寸上比参考文献[5]中的滤波器缩小了40%。文中分析了该三通带滤波器的设计原理,给出了该滤波器的结构参数、仿真与实验验证测试结果。设计滤波器的三个通带中心频率分别为1.0 GHz,2.4 GHz,3.6 GHz,实测插入损耗分别为0.8 dB,1.0 dB,1.2 dB。仿真与实验验证测试结果显示该滤波器带内插损小,四个传输零点使得带外抑制明显提高。     

后置维纳滤波和可调波束成形器的语音信号增强

针对自适应波束形成滤器会带来误差噪声,提出一种两级滤波器结构的语音增强方法。第1级由一个可调滤波器与4个麦克风阵列的求和波束形成器组成。通过一个控制信号控制波束形成滤波器。第2级是一个维纳滤波器,通过两个相邻的主输出定向光束之间的互相关实现信号功率谱估计,该估计是基于两个相邻定向光束的噪声输出是来自两个独立的噪声源,语音输出源来自同一个信号源。仿真结果表明,算法可以提高信噪比约6 db。     

多传感器信息融合的水下航行器组合导航方法

为了提高远程自主水下航行器组合导航系统的导航精度,提出了一种基于多传感器信息融合的组合导航系统方案.在建立SINS、DVL、LBL、深度计和航向传感器的误差模型的基础上,推导了多传感器信息融合模型,详细设计联邦滤波器结构,并给出各传感器输出频率不同时滤波器的解决方案.最后进行仿真试验,仿真结果表明该方法能充分融合多导航...     

星上高功率放大器对导航信号载波跟踪性能的影响分析

由于滤波器带宽的限制和高功率放大器(HPA)的非线性效应,使恒包络导航信号产生失真,这将引起导航信号载波跟踪时锁相环(PLL)跟踪性能的恶化。针对这个问题,建立了星上高功率放大器非线性失真的一般模型,并推导了HPA的非线性效应引起PLL跟踪抖动的表达式,然后仿真分析了不同信号体制、不同滤波器带宽和不同功率放大器模型下的PLL跟踪抖动性能。     

开关电流滤波器的多回路反馈/前馈设计

本文提出了一种具有较低灵敏度和正反两相输出的开关电流（ＳＩ）改进型通用积分器,阐述了以该积分器为积木块,运用多项式变换进行ＳＩ滤波器多回路反馈／前馈设计的系统方法。该方法不需经ＳＣ滤波器中间环节,对Ｎ阶离散转移函数可在Ｚ域中直接进行综合。所得电路结构简单,非常适用于标准ＣＭＯＳ工艺集成。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.