基于变权TOPSIS法多属性威胁评估与任务调度

多机多目标协同空战模式下,针对动态空战态势信息的实时威胁评估和攻击任务调度问题,首先提出了空战威胁评估指标,将各评价指标相对优属度作为决策矩阵,建立基于多属性决策的优势评估模型。基于熵权法确定目标属性客观权重,基于群组AHP法确定目标属性主观权重,目标属性主客观权重进行融合得到组合权重。然后建立能够全面反映多因素对最终评估影响的变权TOPSIS多属性决策模糊威胁评估模型,并阐述了变权TOPSIS方法的计算步骤。利用蚁群算法进行任务调度。最后给出实例,仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

结合离差最大化的多属性群体决策TOPSIS威胁评估

针对传统理想解逼近排序法(TOPSIS)在确定多个属性权重系数上存在主观性和盲目性,并且所作决策多为单一决策,精确度不高等问题,提出结合离差最大化原理的多属性群体决策TOPSIS改进模型,利用离差最大化原理确定属性权值,同时引进群体决策方法。最后将该模型运用于机群协同空战的威胁评估中,建立了多目标威胁评估数学模型,并进行了全空战过程的动态仿真分析,结果表明所建立的扩展模型是合理可行的。     

云模型和距离熵的TOPSIS法空战多目标威胁评估

针对传统逼近理想解的排序法(TOPSIS)在空战多目标威胁评估中对战场态势数据精度要求高这一缺陷,提出了一种基于云模型和距离熵TOPSIS法空战多目标威胁评估方法。该方法运用云模型理论对战场态势数据进行模糊表示,并通过定义云元素的大小和距离测度公式实现了两者结合。考虑目标各属性的权重对分析结果的重要性,运用距离熵理论来分配各属性的权重,进而建立加权决策云矩阵,根据相对贴近度的大小确定各方案的威胁程度。最后,通过仿真验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于组合赋权方法的多目标攻击排序

针对未来超视距空战条件下的多目标攻击排序问题,以多属性决策理论为基础,提出了一种多目标攻击排序的综合优势指数模型.多属性决策问题的关键是确定各属性权重,综合各种赋权法的特点,采用离差平方和的最优赋权方法求解多目标攻击的综合优势指数.最后,通过实例分析,说明采用该方法进行多目标排序,有利于提高决策的准确性.     

缺失数据下基于直觉模糊的动态威胁评估

针对空中威胁目标动态变化特点及面临的信息缺失问题,提出了一种缺失数据下基于直觉模糊TOPSIS的动态空战威胁评估方法。首先运用直觉模糊集确定不同时刻目标属性决策矩阵,同时将采用IOWA算子的空值估计算法运用到直觉模糊集理论中,填补缺失数据;采用熵原理与直觉模糊集相结合确定目标属性的客观权重,结合专家给出的主观权重求解出目标属性的综合权重,并由泊松分布法确定时间序列的时间权重。仿真结果表明该方法的可行性和有效性,在信息缺失时能直观地描述出威胁的动态变化趋势。     

基于ICRITIC-GCN的空战目标威胁评估

为研究解决空战目标威胁评估问题时目标属性复杂、数据非结构化等问题,提高评估效率,提出图卷积网络（graph convolutional network,GCN）的解决方法,并引入改进的指标相关性权重确定方法（improved criteria importance through intercriteria correlation,ICRITIC）,构建了基于ICRITICGCN的目标威胁评估模型。针对战场威胁目标的空间拓扑性和属性复杂性,利用图卷积网络在处理非欧式数据时的优势进行学习训练;针对传统方法在属性权重时过于主观的问题,ICRITIC法考虑属性之间的关联性及属性的信息量,客观分配属性权重。仿真结果表示,该算法在解决多目标威胁评估问题时,在处理效率、准确率等方面均有所提升。     

基于熵权-TOPSIS-灰色关联的目标威胁评估研究

针对空战目标威胁评估问题进行研究,建立了基于熵权-TOPSIS-灰色关联方法的威胁评估模型。首先利用熵权法确定评估指标的客观权重,其次利用TOPSIS法确定目标与理想解和负理想解的欧氏距离;利用灰色关联法确定目标的关联度,据此计算威胁源的相对贴近程度,并对威胁目标进行评估排序。最后通过实例对建立的模型进行了仿真验证,结果表明,该方法综合运用TOPSIS和灰色关联法,使得目标威胁评估结果更加合理有效。     

多机空战目标威胁评估算法

首先介绍了几种现有的多机空战目标威胁评估方法 ,并对它们的应用进行了分析 ;在此基础上 ,提出了一种综合目标空战能力和空战态势的威胁评估算法 :威胁指数法 ;最后给出了具体算例 ,计算结果表明 ,威胁指数法可以全面、有效地完成多机空战中威胁评估和威胁排序的计算。     

基于组合赋权TOPSIS法的空战多目标威胁评估

针对多目标攻击的空战态势和武器装备的特点,首先提出改进的空战多目标威胁评估量化指标.对组合赋权方法进行研究,提出最小加权隶属度偏差方法作为客观赋权方法,采用线性加权方法作为主客观权重组合赋权方法,并从理论上证明该方法的合理性.将得到的组合权重应用于TOPSIS法作为目标威胁评估解算方法,并进行仿真研究验证该方法是有效、合理的.     

基于改进TOPSIS模型的防空多目标威胁评估

根据地空导弹武器系统作战使用原则，确定影响目标威胁程度的五个主要因素，建立目标属性矩阵，并运用群体层次分析法（AHP）和熵权法进行组合赋权，将权重运用到逼近理想解的排序法（TOPSIS法）模型中，给出了基于改进TOPSIS模型的多目标威胁评估模型与算法。实例分析表明该方法是合理和有效的。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.