基于模拟退火和共同进化算法的协同航路规划

针对多飞行器协同作战的协同航路设计问题,提出了一种基于模拟退火和共同进化算法的协同航路规划,建立了基于共同进化计算的航路规划问题模型和相应的适应度函数.算法利用极坐标表示每个飞行器的航路点,缩短了染色体编码长度,提高了优化效率,并将模拟退火的Boltzmann接受机制引入共同进化算法,对共同进化操作后的新解进行判断接受与否.仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

基于改进整型遗传算法的稀疏矩形平面阵列优化

为了降低固定稀疏率、固定孔径的稀疏矩形阵列的峰值旁瓣电平,提出一种改进整型遗传算法。该算法在整型遗传算法的基础上,提出了等间隔采样的交叉策略、多点变异策略以及优良基因重组的策略。采取等间隔采样的基因交叉方式,可以有效发挥整型编码的优势,从而提高算法的运行效率;为了提高种群的多样性,防止算法陷入局部最优,采用了多点变异策略;采用优良基因重组技术,加快了算法的收敛速度。仿真结果表明,相比传统的二进制和实数编码,整型编码更为直接高效;与用于稀疏矩形阵列优化的相关算法相比,本文所提算法获得了更优的旁瓣电平,证实了算法的有效性和优越性。     

基于改进差分进化算法的多无人机航迹规划

针对已知三维环境下的多无人机动态路径规划问题,在多无人机协同方面基于参考路径长度以及威胁距离进行任务点规划,并根据实际环境设定了约束函数和适应度函数。在航迹规划算法方面则采用改进差分进化算法,将种群基于种群个体的适应度均分为两个子种群,选择不同的变异策略。仿真验证结果显示,改进差分进化算法得到的规划路径在路径长度、适应度值优于传统差分进化算法,可以生成路径更短且适应度值更优的航迹。     

基于二阶锥规划的MIMO雷达任意形状旁瓣波束设计

针对MIMO雷达非均匀布阵引起的高旁瓣问题,提出一种基于二阶锥规划的任意形状旁瓣设计算法.算法通过在旁瓣区域附加多个二次不等式约束,从而有效抑制干扰、保持期望方向天线增益的同时,获得了期望的、可以任意控制的旁瓣波束响应.通过将优化模型转化为凸二阶锥规划问题,利用内点法可以得到有效求解.仿真试验表明:算法能够获得任意形状期望旁瓣波束设计的同时,有效提高了波束形成器的输出信干燥比.最后计算机仿真结果证实了算法的有效性和可行性.     

基于改进自适应遗传算法的阵列优化

提出了一种改进的自适应遗传算法,对约束了阵列孔径、阵元数目和最小阵元间距的非均匀稀布阵列进行优化布阵。该算法采用实值编码,改进了适应度函数,避免了不可行解的产生。同时选取新的选择算子和改进的双重最佳保留策略,对传统自适应遗传算法的交叉、变异概率进行了动态改进。仿真结果表明,该方法能较好地抑制"早熟",增加了获取全局最优解的概率,获得了更低的峰值旁瓣电平。     

一种改进的粒子群算法与遗传算法的比较

在求解非线性规划问题,进化算法已经逐渐呈现出其优越性,对粒子群算法进行了改进,同时还介绍了遗传算法,并通过测试函数对比分析了改进后粒子群算法和遗传算法的寻优性能。     

进化规划中的变异与收敛

进化规划算法中变异是唯一的操作,因此变异算子对进化规划算法的性能有决定性的影响。文中以高斯变异算子为例,研究了变异算子在进化进程的作用,分析了进化规划算法不收敛的原因以及变异算子与进化代数、收敛精度间的关系。对传统进化规划算法和多群进化规划算法的性能进行了仿真研究,仿真结果表明了分析结果的正确性。     

改进粒子群算法在移动机器人路径规划中的应用

针对机器人路径规划的复杂性和粒子群算法搜索后期易陷入停滞的缺陷,把差分进化算法引入到粒子群算法中,提出了改进粒子群算法的移动机器人路径规划方案。当粒子群算法出现停滞时,通过引入差分进化算法来动态调整变异概率和缩放因子,增加种群中个体的多样性,扩大算法的搜索范围,避免局部最优路径的产生。通过仿真实验,验证了所提方案的有效性和可行性。     

改进的微分进化算法求解空战火力分配问题

为了提高空战火力分配问题的求解性能,提出了一种新的基于微分进化算法的求解方法.首先介绍了基本微分进化算法求解火力分配问题的思路;然后指出了基本微分进化算法存在的不足,并进行了必要的改进;接着给出了改进的微分进化算法求解空战火力分配问题的一般流程;最后进行了遗传算法、基本微分进化算法对比测试,结果表明改进的微分进化算法对于求解空战火力分配问题更加有效.     

干扰抑制类生成式对抗网络

为进一步改善超低频频段的通信质量,在传统改进广义旁瓣抵消算法的基础上,提出新的超低频干扰抑制算法——生成式旁瓣抵消算法。该算法将人工智能研究热点之一的生成式对抗网络模型引入广义旁瓣抵消算法中,通过优化设计生成模型的网络结构及相关超参数,有效地解决了原算法存在的期望信号残留问题,为旁瓣抵消通道中的后级滤波算法提供了与主通道相关性更强的干扰参考信息,从而提高了算法对主通道干扰估计的准确性。为了验证优化后生成模型的有效性以及所提算法对不同类别干扰的抑制能力,在实验室环境下搭建实验平台,设计了多组对照实验。实验结果表明:优化后的生成模型具有较好的生成能力、较好的鲁棒性以及相对较低的运算复杂度；相比于传统改进的广义旁瓣抵消算法,所提算法进一步提高了信号带宽内的信干噪比。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.