公元四百零三年——论陶渊明的归隐

陶渊明是中国诗歌史上最伟大的诗人之一,他在公元403年所作的诗,占了其一生诗作的六分之一强,表达了其归隐的强烈欲望,结合陶渊明一生的主要经历,便可知其归隐的主要原因乃是晋室情结,而他决定归隐的年份即此年.     

A price leadership method for solving the inspector's non-constant-sum game

An inspector's game is a non-constant-sum two-person game in which one player has promised to perform a certain duty and the other player is allowed to inspect and verify occasionally that the duty has indeed been performed. A solution to a variant of such a game is given in this paper, based on the assumption that the inspector can announce his mixed strategy in advance, if he so wishes, whereas the other player, who has already given his promise, cannot threaten by explicitly saying that he will not keep his word.     

The Challe Plan: Vain Yet Indispensable Victory

On April 23, 1960, General Maurice Challe left Algiers and his position as Commander in Chief there, having achieved a rapid military victory over the rebellion within Algeria. As an airman at the head of an essentially ground force engaged since 1954 in counter-insurgency warfare, he had within 16 months gained the military success everyone deemed indispensable. It proved a vain victory though over an enemy already made irrelevant by rapid developments on the national and international political stage. The enemy, Front de Libération Nationale (FLN), was a two-tiered organization. In accordance with revolutionary doctrine, the military branch, the Armée de Libération Nationale (ALN), supported the political arm, the Organisation Politico-Administrative (OPA), and in this case all operated both inside Algeria and in exile. The strength of the FLN over the course of the conflict had shifted externally to Algeria, particularly under Houari Boumedienne's leadership in Tunis. The major portion of the ALN its Tunisian sanctuary had gradually renounced the costly support of its internal units and chosen to wait in exile for further developments. The freshly formed Gouvernement Provisoire de la Republique Algerienne (GPRA), also in Tunis, had managed to obtain international recognition, and with this development the war within Algeria lost its decisive character. From an operational perspective though, the Challe Plan belongs to the list of military successes. Four years into a fight of limited tactical and strategic accomplishments, Challe, through his imagination and energy, was able to achieve victory within his short assignment with the resources at hand. Just how he accomplished this feat, as we shall see, is a fascinating example of a successful ‘small war’.     

传播学视野下墨子教育思想的推行

墨子在推行自己的思想时,采用的形式多种多样,已经初具传播学的素养。本文试图从传播者、受传者、讯息、传播手段等方面来阐述墨子教育思想的推行。墨子及其弟子组成的墨家学团是直接传播者。其受传者为天下之民。其传播的讯息包括道德教育与技能教育。其传播手段包括组织传播、群体传播、人际传播,墨家学团跟随墨子聚众讲学、游说奔走,该团体进行的即为组织传播;墨子重视学校教育,且经常聚众讲学,这种对群体的传播方式使得有群体目标的受众比较容易接受教育;另外,墨子及其弟子采用劝教、游说、论辩等形式进行的人际之间的传播,也使墨子的教育思想得到了推行。     

Individual headstart strategies for combating congestion

This paper examines the process by which a user of a queueing system selects his arrival time to the system to compensate for unpredictable delays in the system if he wishes to complete service at a particular time. Considering the case in which all the system users have already decided on their arrival times to the system and will not change these times, this paper investigates how a new user of this system develops his strategy for selecting his arrival time. The distribution of this customer's arrival time is then obtained for a special case.     

苦难的圣化——关于昌耀诗歌中的流放话语

昌耀是当代中国诗坛一位重要的诗人,在长达半个世纪的创作中,始终保持着自己观察与体验世界的独特方式与审美自觉,并以不同的诗歌话语反映着时代的变迁,而流放作为昌耀人生的重要经历,使他在美学风格与地理认知上都有所嬗变,且在诗歌创作中得以体现,并成为他诗歌的话语形态之一。     

论和合文化与和合管理——基于东方管理“人为”观的探索

中国的“和合”文化历史非常悠久，有着鲜明的民族特色和丰富的文化内涵。“和合”在管理学上的要义是：“和”与“合”的联用构成了一个充满哲理性、辩证性的概念，表示了身心和谐、和睦相处、合作致胜的管理理念和管理方式。基于东方管理“人为为人”精髓，本文提出了由“己身和合”到“群己和合”再到“组织和合”的和合管理。     

Sir Ralph Payne-Gallwey Bt. and the Study of Medieval and Ancient Projectile Weapons

Abstract

Sir Ralph Payne-Gallwey is best known nowadays as the author of The Crossbow (1903) which remains a reliable introduction to the study of this weapon. Based on experiments with mediaeval weapons he had restored and the work of two research assistants it covers the development of the weapon from the early middle ages to the nineteenth century. He also made scale models and one third replicas of ancient ballistas, which he tested on his estate at Thirkleby, Yorkshire and at Fort Belan, adjacent to the Menai straits. Using a crossbow he shot an arrow and hurled a stone ball from a ballista, over the narrows, a distance of about a quarter of a mile. Arrowthrowing, shooting with the Turkish composite bow as well as the Indian quoit and the boomerang all demonstrate an interest not only in exotic and unusual weapons but also in the science of ballistics. This he showed to friends at Thirkleby, to enthusiastic audiences at the Royal Toxophilite Society meetings and more formally at the Royal Institution in 1908. The text of his lecture was subsequently printed and is reproduced here. These ballistic experiments led to the design of a golf ball with a reticulated surface and his unique 'roller' golf club.     

The nuclear education of Donald J. Trump

During the 2016 American presidential campaign, Democrats and Republicans alike repeatedly raised concerns at the prospect of Donald Trump being in charge of America’s nuclear arsenal based on his seemingly unstable personality. Unfortunately, this emphasis on Trump’s character distracted attention from any in-depth investigation into his long-standing interest in nuclear issues. This article seeks to remedy this shortcoming by highlighting the nuclear legacy Trump will inherit from Obama, surveying his statements on nuclear issues over more than three decades, and providing an analysis of constraining factors on his administration’s nuclear agenda, particularly domestic institutions. It finds that most of Trump’s views on nuclear issues are relatively consistent with past Republican presidents. Where he is unique, however, is in his use of social media, which has potential implications on nuclear signaling.     

Planning versus Chaos in Clausewitz's On War

Clausewitz laid great emphasis on the planned construction of war, but this idea has received little attention from his commentators, who generally attach far greater importance to what he said about the chaotic elements of war, in particular its interactive nature and the friction inseparable from its conduct. This article gives long-overdue recognition to planning as a dominant theme of On War. The essential point Clausewitz makes concerning interaction is not that the enemy's responses are bound to disrupt our plans, but that our plans must aim to predict and incorporate his responses. Clausewitz acknowledges that friction creates enormous difficulties for the realization of any plan, but it is precisely in respect of this challenge that he develops the concept of military genius, whose capabilities are seen above all as the executive arm of planning.     

Wellington's use of deception tactics in the Peninsular War

Wellington's use of intelligence developed throughout his military career. Arguably, his experiences in India taught him the importance of intelligence, but it was during the Peninsular War that he honed his analytical techniques. As the war progressed, he developed sophisticated methods for the integration of strategic intelligence – largely gathered by civilian agents – with operational intelligence – collected by military personnel. This allowed him to develop operational conceptualisation, which in turn contributed to the successes he achieved over the French forces in Iberia. However, more than anything, it was his considered use of intelligence, combined with intricate deception operations in the latter stages of the conflict, which deprived the French of reliable intelligence on his own movements, and demonstrated his understanding of the importance of intelligence. This article investigates Wellington's increasing awareness of the importance of intelligence and deception during the Peninsular War.     

因情成梦,因梦成戏——由《牡丹亭》浅析汤显祖的戏剧创作观

汤显祖是明代著名的戏剧家,其戏剧作品历来为世人称道,在中国戏剧史上占有重要地位,因此,对其戏剧创作观的研究始终具有重要意义。结合汤显祖的作品以及他的创作经历,笔者认为他在《复甘义麓》的信中,提到的＂因情成梦,因梦成戏＂八字更是简单明确地概括了其戏剧创作观。作为＂临川四梦＂之一的《牡丹亭》,是汤显祖的代表作品。一部《牡丹亭》不仅奠定了汤显祖在明清戏曲史上无人可比的地位,同时也集中体现了汤显祖的戏剧创作理念。本文试以《牡丹亭》为例,论述汤显祖的戏剧创作观。     

艺坛大师 教育楷模——徐悲鸿其人其事论略

徐悲鸿先生是我国著名的绘画艺术大师,艺术教育的先驱和楷模。重温他的生平事迹、艺术历程以及他那热爱祖国、献身教育、礼贤下士、为人师表的高尚品德,对当代大学生的爱国主义精神和思想品德教育具有现实意义。     

Stochastic duels with displacements (suppression)

The stochastic duel is extended to include the possibility of a near-miss on each round fired, which causes the opponent to displace. During displacement, the displacing contestant cannot return the fire but is still a target for his opponent. An alternative interpretation of this model is to consider the displacement time as the time a contestant's fire is suppressed by his opponent's fire and that he does not move, but merely ceases fire temporarily. All times are exponentially distributed.     

PART I: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF “THE MYTH OF NUCLEAR DETERRENCE”

Several years ago, Ward Wilson presented in this journal a wide-ranging challenge to what every generation of national security scholars and practitioners since the end of World War II has been taught about nuclear weapons. He asserted that nuclear deterrence amounts to far less than its proponents have claimed and provocatively suggested that nuclear deterrence is a myth. Relying upon both empirical and theoretical objections to nuclear deterrence, he concluded that its failures were clear-cut and indisputable, whereas its successes were speculative. Yet in spite of a flourishing trade in scholarly articles, think tank reports, blog posts, and opinion pieces concerning nuclear deterrence, nobody—including nuclear weapons scholars—has ventured more than a limited critique of Wilson's essay. There are, however, serious shortcomings in Wilson's arguments—deficiencies that make his essay an unpersuasive brief against nuclear deterrence. Wilson's thesis could be correct. His arguments, however, are unlikely to persuade any skeptical members of Congress, upon whom future progress in arms control depends, to reconsider the value they attach to nuclear weapons and nuclear deterrence.

     

论杨杰的人民国防思想及其历史价值

杨杰的人民国防思想是杨杰国防战略思想的核心,其遵循历史唯物主义观点,具有历史进步性。本文通过系统阐述杨杰人民国防思想的主要内容,力图客观评析杨杰人民国防思想的重要历史价值。     

科学知识社会学代表人物拉图尔理论观点述评

拉图尔最早提出SSK的微观研究纲领——“实验室研究”纲领，把建构主义科学观推进到更深入、更复杂的研究领域，成为社会建构论的主要代表，并且开创了科学认识论“社会学转向”基础上的“人类学转向”。在此着重分析他如何对科学知识的社会性问题进行日常考察与微观研究，如何论述科学事实的社会建构过程。     

略论宋教仁的教育思想

宋教仁的教育思想是丰富的,主要表现在教育与革命、教育先行、教育与社会改良等方面。     

守望生命中的第二故乡——探析沈苇诗歌的新疆主题

生于江南水乡的诗人沈苇，大学毕业后来到新疆。身为异乡人的他，对脚下这片独具异域特点的土地饱含着一份炙热的爱。到如今，新疆已成为他生命中的第二故乡。新疆主题，一直以来是沈苇诗歌创作的根源和内在的精神原动力，他执着在异域他乡的诗人之路上，努力在第二故乡里寻求灵魂的栖息地，从而完成对个体生命强度、韧性以及承载力的检验。     

De-Constructing the French Wars: Napoleon as Anti-Strategist

The Emperor Napoleon I is regarded as one of the greatest generals of all time and, as such, he has attracted an immense bibliography. In spite of this, there have been few studies of him as a strategist: instead, it is simply assumed that it was enough for the Emperor to have conducted an operation for it to have had a logical strategic goal. In this article, however, Napoleon is shown to have been primarily an opportunist, who was frequently guided by the needs of the moment and swayed from his course by circumstance, while it is further suggested that, even considered on their own merits, many of his decisions were faulty in the extreme.