有人/无人平台协同技术与行动模式研究

无人平台已广泛用于军用和民用市场,并在反恐、维稳、排爆,侦察等领域发挥了极其重要的作用。目前已形成了有人/无人平台共同协作完成任务的工作模式,大大地提高了工作的时效性、适应性、作战效能等。为了提高有人/无人平台的协同作战能力,本文研究有人/无人平台的协同作战技术体系以及作战模式,以解决在协同侦察、搜救、监视等应急任务中遇到的各种问题。此外,提出了一套完整的协同作战想定,可用于有效验证相关的协同技术。     

有人/无人机协同作战关键技术

分析了无人作战飞机在各国的研究及使用情况,给出了有人/无人机协同作战指挥控制系统的结构,按照空间位置和主要完成任务的不同,将系统分为有人机、无人机两个平台,介绍了各平台的组成部分及相应的功能,归纳出协同作战所需要解决的关键技术:交互控制技术、协同态势感知、协同目标分配、协同航路规划技术、毁伤效能评估技术及智能决策技术,并且给出了一个在典型作战任务想定下的作战及信息处理流程.最后对无人作战飞机未来的发展方向进行了展望.     

单兵班组多平台协同作战应用研究

未来的单兵战场将是以单兵班组为中心,无人武器平台、信息化轻武器平台、智能弹药等多平台协同作战的战场,多元化的作战要素势必带来作战体系的复杂化,因此,对各作战要素合理协调的应用将是提高整体作战效能的关键。从协同作战对象以及作战需求出发,对传统的作战模式进行了分析,提出了对未来协同作战模式的构想,并分别从侦察、指挥、打击3个环节研究了侦指打一体化的协同作战应用,也为未来单兵信息化装备、无人作战系统等轻武器装备的发展提供一定的参考。     

地空无人平台协同作战应用研究

战争即将进入智能化时代,无人装备将成为未来战场主角.地空无人平台协同应用是未来战场的必然趋势.基于未来战场复杂作战环境需求,针对地空无人平台协同作战应用进行研究.合理分析协同作战应用的必然性;从协同侦察感知、协同指挥控制、协同支援保障、协同防御警戒4个领域进行作战应用研究,并分析其技术基础及可行性;列出地空协同运用存在的难点并给出合理的意见建议,为陆军作战、编制及装备体系的论证规划提供参考.     

外军有/无人编组技术分析

有人/无人平台编队可以充分利用无人平台的低成本、可消耗优势,扩展有人平台的作战空间,提高有人平台态势感知、穿透杀伤和生存能力。针对美、英、法、澳、韩等国有/无人编组技术的发展动态进行了调研综述,举例说明了外军有/无人编组在海、陆、空等作战域中的典型应用,并分析了有/无人编组在传输组网、远程测控、自主决策和人机交互等方面的技术挑战和关键技术途径。最后对有/无人编组技术的发展趋势进行了展望,可为未来联合作战体系中的协同作战样式和相关领域的技术研究提供参考借鉴。     

多巡飞弹侦察/打击/评估一体协同方案设计

针对巡飞弹侦察/打击/评估作战模式,提出了一种基于预设航迹点的巡飞弹多任务协同策略。在分析作战任务模式的基础上,建立了基于时间协同的约束模型;针对不规则侦察区域,设计了区域侦察覆盖的飞行航迹,考虑威胁和障碍,采用改进的A*算法对巡飞弹的任务航迹进行了规划;以双弹协同实现"即打即评估"的协同任务模式为例,仿真计算和分析了协同策略的可行性,为未来网络化巡飞弹协同作战应用提供技术支撑。     

新一代步兵班组的多源图像侦察信息融合

传统的步兵班组侦察作战往往受限于士兵自身携带的手持/背负式侦察装置。随着班组微型无人侦察平台等新要素的成熟和应用,未来战场班组侦察越来越趋向于单兵、无人平台协同侦察的模式。基于新一代步兵班组的侦察体系,构建了典型班组侦察模式和流程,分析了多源图像处理的流程、涉及的算法和关键技术,为步兵班组多源图像侦察信息融合的深入研究提供了一定的参考。     

单兵信息系统协同作战技术研究

协同作战是提高体系作战能力,发挥整体作战效能的关键,针对单兵班组在未来信息化条件下单兵作战单元协同作战的协同模式、协同流程、协同策略,协同指挥、协同作战效能评估等方面进行阐释,对未来单兵信息系统班组协同作战技术研究具有一定的指导意义。     

地面无人作战平台信息感知及其关键技术研究

信息感知是地面无人平台自主导航控制和执行任务的前提。介绍了国内外地面无人作战平台信息感知技术的研究现状;根据地面无人作战平台对远、中、近不同层次环境信息感知能力的要求,建立基于对象协同的信息感知模型。分别阐述了自主感知与协同感知各自所需的关键技术,提出多技术融合、全方位协同的发展方向。研究表明,全方位的协同感知才能提高无人作战平台自身的生存和任务执行能力。     

有人/无人战斗机协同空战模式及能力需求分析

针对未来空战的特点对有人/无人战斗机协同空战的作战模式及能力需求进行了研究.从信息链到武器链时空过渡的角度分析了有人/无人机协同空战的作战优势;提出了两种典型的有人/无人机协同空战方式,并给出了作战过程描述及功能结构分析;基于“观测-评估-决策-执行”指挥控制环分析了有人/无人机协同空战的指挥控制流程;基于协同空战的任务需求提出各参与平台的能力需求.此研究对有人/无人机协同空战的发展具有一定的指导意义.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.