一维弹道修正弹气动力计算方法和射程修正量分析

为提高弹箭密集度,采用阻力修正原理进行纵向距离修正是一种低成本的一维弹道修正技术.基于牛顿流理论和风洞实验数据提出了一维弹道修正弹阻力环机构的扩增阻力系数计算方法,通过对不同阻力环结构的气动力数值计算分析,得到阻力环外露高度对扩增阻力系数的影响远大于安装位置等结论.建立了一维弹道修正弹的数学模型,对阻力环机构在飞行弹道上不同位置处作用对应的射程修正量进行了数值计算和炮射试验对比,计算弹道结果和实测弹道结果基本一致.表明提出的一维弹道修正弹阻力环机构的扩增阻力系数计算方法和射程修正量计算数学模型有较高的计算精度,可作为该类弹箭的弹道设计工具.     

舰炮一维弹道修正弹的射击诸元解算方法

一维弹道修正弹是一种从常规炮弹发展而来的低成本信息化弹药,目前尚没有成熟的舰炮射击诸元解算方法。分析了一维弹道修正弹的诸元解算需求,量化研究了无控方式解算超越瞄准点方法的解算偏差。在此基础上,提出了一种新的射击诸元解算方法,该方法将缺省开环时刻作为诸元的一部分进行解算。仿真结果表明,新方法解决了无控方式解算超越瞄准点方法在偏流方向上偏差大的问题,实现了舰炮一维弹道修正弹射击诸元的精确解算。     

基于卫星定位的弹道修正弹控制参数解算方法

介绍了近年来国外基于GPS定位的弹道修正弹发展情况,分析了一维、二维弹道修正弹的技术特点,结合工程应用分别提出了一维、二维弹道修正弹求取修正控制参数的策略和方法。射击试验和仿真实验结果表明该方法具有可行性和有效性。     

基于GPS的弹道修正弹驱动控制器系统

针对目前国内二维弹道修正处于起步阶段和一维弹道修正处于研制阶段,提出了一种基于距离及精度二次修正执行机构的驱动控制器,该驱动控制器模块是一种新型的修正组件控制模块,详细介绍了修正组件控制器的工作原理、修正原理和硬件电路设计。硬件电路设计主要包括升压电路、四路起爆电路和异或门电路。每路起爆电路可以独立控制一个阻尼片。该控制器可以完成多种模式的修正,不仅可以完成弹道修正弹的一维一次和一维二次距离修正,还可以完成弹道修正弹的二维修正。     

舰炮一维弹道修正弹对岸校射方法研究

一维弹道修正弹是近年来兵器领域新研制的一种低成本信息化弹药，目前对其校射方法尚未有成熟的标准。为此，在分析一维弹道修正弹对岸射击工作原理、计算有无控弹试射的基础上，提出舰炮武器系统使用有控一维弹道修正弹的校射新方法，并确定了校射的组数和发数。分别对使用新方法前后的射击效能进行了数值仿真，结果表明本方法能极大地提高舰炮武器系统的射击效能。所提方法对舰炮武器作战效能的提高具有较强的理论价值和一定的参考意义。     

二维弹道修正弹修正方法

为提高弹箭密集度,采用阻力修正原理进行纵向距离修正;增设阻尼片,调节炮弹的极阻尼力矩来改变炮弹旋转速度,进而调节偏流大小来实现侧向弹道修正,是一种低成本的二维弹道修正技术。基于牛顿流理论、经验公式和风洞实验数据提出了组合式二维修正机构弹道修正弹的扩增阻力系数和扩增极阻尼力矩系数计算方法,对不同阻力环、阻尼片结构的气动力进行了数值计算分析。分析了组合式二维弹道修正弹的侧向弹道修正原理,建立了其飞行弹道数学模型,对阻力环、阻尼片机构在飞行弹道上不同位置处作用对应的射程修正量、侧向弹道修正能力和动态飞行稳定性进行了数值计算。结果表明:该二维弹道修正技术可以满足对弹道纵向和侧向偏差修正的需求,且不影响炮弹的飞行稳定性。     

一维弹道修正弹阻力环修正控制算法研究

根据一维弹道修正弹阻力环修正技术的特点,建立了一维弹道修正弹的弹道模型.在此基础上分析了利用阻力环进行一维弹道修正的能力以及阻力环张开时刻与射程修正量之间的关系.提出了阻力环张开时刻的算法.仿真结果表明,该算法具有较强的修正能力,选择合适的阻力环张开时刻,可以使弹丸的落点偏差大大减小.     

一维弹道修正弹分段解算控制算法的研究

针对目前国内外一维弹道修正弹控制算法的研究,提出了一种弹道修正弹分段控制算法,利用改进的欧拉法进行解算弹道。该算法不同于其他控制算法的解算方式,将根据一组GPS数据一次性计算得到弹丸的落点坐标,改成了弹道分成若干段,在每段中进行解算,上一段的终点坐标作为下一段解算的初始坐标点,重新开始进行解算,利于解算很大距离的弹道飞行,减少弹道程序在弹载处理器中的解算时间,降低对硬件设计的要求,得到更全面的弹道飞行数据,进而提高弹丸的命中精度。     

基于摄动理论的落点预测算法研究

针对弹道修正控制系统需要实时进行落点预测的问题,分析了脉冲弹道修正弹弹道特点以及脉冲发动机点火条件,并根据摄动理论,提出了一种快速落点预测算法。该算法通过对标准弹道和扰动弹道的解算获取样本点,采用回归方法求解落点预测模型。并基于该落点预测算法,设计了一种适用于简易修正弹的弹道修正方案。六自由度弹道仿真结果表明,该落点预测算法精度达到控制系统的精度要求,采用该控制方法的弹道修正弹,落点散布误差也大幅降低。     

基于弹道预测的脉冲修正弹末段控制方法

针对脉冲修正弹箭的控制方法问题,探讨了一种基于快速弹道预测的弹道末段控制方法.在一定假设下,对三自由度质点弹道方程组进行解析求解,得到一组精度较好的弹道诸元解析模型;基于该解析模型,提出一种通过估算剩余飞行时间进行快速弹道预测的方法;在此基础上,提出了适配的脉冲控制参数(脉冲作用方位、脉冲作用个数)的确定方法.以某脉冲修正弹为研究对象,采用Monte Carlo打靶法,在一组相同扰动源条件下分别对无控和有控弹道进行了数值仿真.仿真结果表明:该控制方法可有效提高脉冲修正弹的落点精度,有控落点圆概率误差比无控落点圆概率误差减小80％以上.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

Does Intent equal Capability? Al-Qaeda and Weapons of Mass Destruction

The prospect of terrorists deploying weapons of mass destruction (WMD) is often referred to as the foremost danger to American national security. This danger has become more realistic because of al-Qaeda's expanding global network and the expressed willingness to kill thousands of civilians. In the past four years, numerous media reports have documented the group's ongoing quest for WMD capabilities; many reports have detailed al-Qaeda members’ attempts to manufacture or obtain certain chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents to use in WMD against targets in the West and the Middle East. Yet the question remains: Does al-Qaeda's current WMD capability match its actual intent? While most studies of the group have focused on its explicit desire for WMD, allegations of CBRN acquisition, and the killing potential of specific CBRN agents, few open-source studies have closely examined the evolution of al-Qaeda's consideration of WMD and, most notably, the merit of actual CBRN production instructions as depicted and disseminated in the group's own literature and manuals. The following report will examine the history of al-Qaeda's interest in CBRN agents, the evolution of the network's attitude toward these weapons, and the internal debate within the organization concerning acquisition and use of WMD. More so, the following research will assess the validity of actual CBRN production instructions and capabilities as displayed and disseminated in al-Qaeda's own literature and websites.     

Late Medieval Lance Use: Mounted Combat and Martial Arts in Western Europe from the 14th to the 16th Century

Despite the lance’s status and the amount of attention the couched lance has received in historiography, study of its martial art has been neglected. The various lance types and techniques used by western European cavalry have only recently begun to receive scholarly attention. Additionally, Medieval European lance use has too often been studied in isolation, without an adequate understanding of the idiosyncratic and asymmetrical dynamics of mounted combat. Although the charge with the couched lance was a valid tactic, it was only one of many. Light and heavy lances were used in one hand or two to trip, block, unhorse, and wrestle. These techniques were governed by the harsh laws of distance, speed, impact, iron, and asymmetry. By utilizing the surviving Fechtbücher and several Peninsular and Near Eastern sources, a brief foray into the diverse techniques of lance use and their purposes has been attempted here.     

A model for geographically distributed combat interactions of swarming naval and air forces

This article describes the Distributed Interaction Campaign Model (DICM), an exploratory campaign analysis tool and asset allocation decision‐aid for managing geographically distributed and swarming naval and air forces. The model is capable of fast operation, while accounting for uncertainty in an opponent's plan. It is intended for use by commanders and analysts who have limited time for model runs, or a finite budget. The model is purpose‐built for the Pentagon's Office of Net Assessment, and supports analysis of the following questions: What happens when swarms of geographically distributed naval and air forces engage each other and what are the key elements of the opponents’ force to attack? Are there changes to force structure that make a force more effective, and what impacts will disruptions in enemy command and control and wide‐area surveillance have? Which insights are to be gained by fast exploratory mathematical/computational campaign analysis to augment and replace expensive and time‐consuming simulations? An illustrative example of model use is described in a simple test scenario. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 562–576, 2016