一维弹道修正弹气动力计算方法和射程修正量分析

为提高弹箭密集度,采用阻力修正原理进行纵向距离修正是一种低成本的一维弹道修正技术.基于牛顿流理论和风洞实验数据提出了一维弹道修正弹阻力环机构的扩增阻力系数计算方法,通过对不同阻力环结构的气动力数值计算分析,得到阻力环外露高度对扩增阻力系数的影响远大于安装位置等结论.建立了一维弹道修正弹的数学模型,对阻力环机构在飞行弹道上不同位置处作用对应的射程修正量进行了数值计算和炮射试验对比,计算弹道结果和实测弹道结果基本一致.表明提出的一维弹道修正弹阻力环机构的扩增阻力系数计算方法和射程修正量计算数学模型有较高的计算精度,可作为该类弹箭的弹道设计工具.     

舰炮一维弹道修正弹的射击诸元解算方法

一维弹道修正弹是一种从常规炮弹发展而来的低成本信息化弹药,目前尚没有成熟的舰炮射击诸元解算方法。分析了一维弹道修正弹的诸元解算需求,量化研究了无控方式解算超越瞄准点方法的解算偏差。在此基础上,提出了一种新的射击诸元解算方法,该方法将缺省开环时刻作为诸元的一部分进行解算。仿真结果表明,新方法解决了无控方式解算超越瞄准点方法在偏流方向上偏差大的问题,实现了舰炮一维弹道修正弹射击诸元的精确解算。     

基于卫星定位的弹道修正弹控制参数解算方法

介绍了近年来国外基于GPS定位的弹道修正弹发展情况,分析了一维、二维弹道修正弹的技术特点,结合工程应用分别提出了一维、二维弹道修正弹求取修正控制参数的策略和方法。射击试验和仿真实验结果表明该方法具有可行性和有效性。     

基于GPS的弹道修正弹驱动控制器系统

针对目前国内二维弹道修正处于起步阶段和一维弹道修正处于研制阶段,提出了一种基于距离及精度二次修正执行机构的驱动控制器,该驱动控制器模块是一种新型的修正组件控制模块,详细介绍了修正组件控制器的工作原理、修正原理和硬件电路设计。硬件电路设计主要包括升压电路、四路起爆电路和异或门电路。每路起爆电路可以独立控制一个阻尼片。该控制器可以完成多种模式的修正,不仅可以完成弹道修正弹的一维一次和一维二次距离修正,还可以完成弹道修正弹的二维修正。     

舰炮一维弹道修正弹对岸校射方法研究

一维弹道修正弹是近年来兵器领域新研制的一种低成本信息化弹药，目前对其校射方法尚未有成熟的标准。为此，在分析一维弹道修正弹对岸射击工作原理、计算有无控弹试射的基础上，提出舰炮武器系统使用有控一维弹道修正弹的校射新方法，并确定了校射的组数和发数。分别对使用新方法前后的射击效能进行了数值仿真，结果表明本方法能极大地提高舰炮武器系统的射击效能。所提方法对舰炮武器作战效能的提高具有较强的理论价值和一定的参考意义。     

二维弹道修正弹修正方法

为提高弹箭密集度,采用阻力修正原理进行纵向距离修正;增设阻尼片,调节炮弹的极阻尼力矩来改变炮弹旋转速度,进而调节偏流大小来实现侧向弹道修正,是一种低成本的二维弹道修正技术。基于牛顿流理论、经验公式和风洞实验数据提出了组合式二维修正机构弹道修正弹的扩增阻力系数和扩增极阻尼力矩系数计算方法,对不同阻力环、阻尼片结构的气动力进行了数值计算分析。分析了组合式二维弹道修正弹的侧向弹道修正原理,建立了其飞行弹道数学模型,对阻力环、阻尼片机构在飞行弹道上不同位置处作用对应的射程修正量、侧向弹道修正能力和动态飞行稳定性进行了数值计算。结果表明:该二维弹道修正技术可以满足对弹道纵向和侧向偏差修正的需求,且不影响炮弹的飞行稳定性。     

一维弹道修正弹阻力环修正控制算法研究

根据一维弹道修正弹阻力环修正技术的特点,建立了一维弹道修正弹的弹道模型.在此基础上分析了利用阻力环进行一维弹道修正的能力以及阻力环张开时刻与射程修正量之间的关系.提出了阻力环张开时刻的算法.仿真结果表明,该算法具有较强的修正能力,选择合适的阻力环张开时刻,可以使弹丸的落点偏差大大减小.     

一维弹道修正弹分段解算控制算法的研究

针对目前国内外一维弹道修正弹控制算法的研究,提出了一种弹道修正弹分段控制算法,利用改进的欧拉法进行解算弹道。该算法不同于其他控制算法的解算方式,将根据一组GPS数据一次性计算得到弹丸的落点坐标,改成了弹道分成若干段,在每段中进行解算,上一段的终点坐标作为下一段解算的初始坐标点,重新开始进行解算,利于解算很大距离的弹道飞行,减少弹道程序在弹载处理器中的解算时间,降低对硬件设计的要求,得到更全面的弹道飞行数据,进而提高弹丸的命中精度。     

基于摄动理论的落点预测算法研究

针对弹道修正控制系统需要实时进行落点预测的问题,分析了脉冲弹道修正弹弹道特点以及脉冲发动机点火条件,并根据摄动理论,提出了一种快速落点预测算法。该算法通过对标准弹道和扰动弹道的解算获取样本点,采用回归方法求解落点预测模型。并基于该落点预测算法,设计了一种适用于简易修正弹的弹道修正方案。六自由度弹道仿真结果表明,该落点预测算法精度达到控制系统的精度要求,采用该控制方法的弹道修正弹,落点散布误差也大幅降低。     

基于弹道预测的脉冲修正弹末段控制方法

针对脉冲修正弹箭的控制方法问题,探讨了一种基于快速弹道预测的弹道末段控制方法.在一定假设下,对三自由度质点弹道方程组进行解析求解,得到一组精度较好的弹道诸元解析模型;基于该解析模型,提出一种通过估算剩余飞行时间进行快速弹道预测的方法;在此基础上,提出了适配的脉冲控制参数(脉冲作用方位、脉冲作用个数)的确定方法.以某脉冲修正弹为研究对象,采用Monte Carlo打靶法,在一组相同扰动源条件下分别对无控和有控弹道进行了数值仿真.仿真结果表明:该控制方法可有效提高脉冲修正弹的落点精度,有控落点圆概率误差比无控落点圆概率误差减小80％以上.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.