联合作战能力差距程度评估方法研究

在联合作战能力一体化建设发展过程中,协调联合作战能力差距程度确定是一个关键步骤。为从体系角度牵引能力协调发展,利用层次分析原理,提出一种基于任务重要度、能力重要度、目标改善率和差距改善时间占用率等多种因素相结合的差距程度综合确定方法,根据决策者对不同能力需求类型的偏好程度不同,将能力指标需求类型引入到能力相对差距大小计算模型。以海空作战某任务为实例,说明了方法的具体运用。     

联合作战对武器装备的需求

联合作战是诸军兵种在统一指挥下,为达成一定的作战目的所进行的一系列综合对抗行动,是未来战争的基本样式。诸军兵种联合作战效能的发挥在于其整体水平,主要取决于战术上的协调能力和武器装备的一体化。联合作战对武器装备的需求是多方面的,最重要的有两点,一是实现诸军兵种武器装备的一体化,二是这种一体化要通过信息化来最终实现。技术决定战术,从某种意义上讲,武器装备技术的一体化水平对于联合作战的胜负具有决定性的作用。而技术上的一体化又具体表现在如下几个主要方面。     

基于网格的一体化联合作战信息感知体系构建

为提高一体化联合作战信息感知能力,以网格技术为支撑,结合一体化联合作战对信息感知的需求,提出了构建一体化联合作战信息感知体系的总体思路。从应用体系、技术体系、综合体系三个方面构建了一体化联合作战信息感知体系框架。     

基于效果的炮兵行动C2系统动力学建模与仿真

一体化联合作战参战军兵种多、指挥控制(C2)与协调复杂。围绕炮兵行动特点要求,运用系统动力学理论建立联合作战炮兵行动指挥控制的系统动力学模型,研究常规打击和基于效果作战两种指挥控制模式下炮兵行动所产生的不同结果及其原因,并给合作战想定仿真验证,得出较为可靠的结论,为解决联合作战炮兵行动精确指挥控制与协调提供一种有效途径     

对—体化联合作战中“一体”的理解

在以信息化为本质特征的新军事变革的推动下,军队必然要由协同性联合作战向一体化联合作战方向发展。一体化联合作战是在合同作战、协同性联合作战的基础上发展起来的,是诸军兵种联合作战力量,在一体化联合作战指挥机构的集中统一指挥下,依托一体化信息系统或准一体化信息系统,以战场信息高度共享为主要标志,实施快速、精确、高效的决定性联合作战行动。一体化既是其外在的表现形态,也是其内在的本质特征,既是其产生的必然依托,又是其追求的理想效果。因此,对一体化联合作战中“一体”的正确理解,有助于深入地认识和把握一体化联合作战的本…     

一体化联合作战对装备保障系统的影响及要求

装备保障信息建设要适应一体化联合作战的需求,就必须弄清一体化联合作战对装备保障系统的影响。运用系统方法,着眼环境对系统的影响,从分析一体化联合作战本质入手,阐述了一体化联合作战对装备保障系统功能、结构、运行和组成等要素的影响及要求,并为未来我军装备保障信息化建设提出了几点应对策略。     

基于复杂适应系统理论的一体化联合作战研究

复杂适应系统理论为我们研究军事系统提供了崭新的视角,避免了传统的基于还原论方法研究军事系统机械分隔忽略系统要素之间相互作用的问题,可以得到军事系统全面准确的认识,对于深入研究一体化联合作战的本质内涵、基本特征和主要方法,尽快形成一体化联合作战的理论体系具有重要意义。文章通过分析军事系统特点得出军事系统是复杂适应系统的结论,在此基础上,从复杂适应系统理论的角度分析了一体化联合作战的内涵及提高军事系统一体化联合作战能力需要重点解决的四个问题。     

浅析一体化联合作战指挥的特点与要求

一体化联合作战是信息化条件下局部战争的基本作战样式,要实施一体化联合作战,必须实现一体化联合作战指挥。一体化联合作战指挥呈现出以指挥体系一体化为基础,以指挥网络一体化为支柱,以指挥决策一体化为核心,以指挥控制一体化为关键,以指挥训练一体化为保证等五个特点。     

以信息无缝传输达成一体化

一体化联合作战实现的关键是信息一体化,达成信息一体化的主要途径是信息无缝传输。可见,信息无缝传输一体化,是一体化联合作战的客观需要和必然选择。无缝传输的前提:理顺信息运行关系理顺信息运行关系,合理规定信息“流向”、“流量”、“流速”是攻克信息壁垒、实现全维共享的先决条件。一是根据信息流作用不同区分传输类型。根据作战指挥的需要,可区分为情报共享信息链、指挥控制信息链及作战协同信息链。战场所涉及的众多情报信息均可根据性质不同纳入到各类传输链路中。二是依据作战级别不同界定传输范围。由于作战中各级指挥机构对信…     

一体化联合作战指挥要素体系剖析

要素是研究任何事物的基础,一体化联合作战指挥要素是研究一体化联合作战指挥活动的根本出发点。本文依据一体化联合作战条件下作战指挥的特点,分析当今学术界对作战指挥要素研究的不足,并用系统思维的方式剖析一体联合作战指挥要素的新体系,为作战指挥理论的深度和广度的研究寻求一条新途径。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.