线性离散周期系统的区域极点/H2指标满意控制

针对线性离散周期系统的状态反馈控制问题,利用提升法将线性离散周期系统转化为时不变系统并提出期望极点指标,同时要求周期系统满足H2范数指标,采用数值递推算法对线性周期系统进行上述指标的满意控制设计,并运用满意控制思想将上述控制问题转化为线性矩阵不等式(LMI)的线性凸优化问题,从而运用LMI技术求解、设计可行的满意控制.数值仿真验证了相关结论.     

一类不确定非线性时滞系统的鲁棒容错控制

针对一类非线性时滞系统,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,讨论了不确定参数系统的鲁棒容错控制问题。当故障在失效的传感器以及失效的执行器发生时,且非线性不确定性满足一定的增益条件,通过基于线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法各自给出了故障在传感器和执行器失效发生时,闭环系统渐近稳定的存在条件及相应控制器的设计方法。一个设计算例的仿真结果表明了该方法是有效的。     

线性连续Markov参数跳变系统满意控制

针对Markov参数跳变的线性连续系统,研究区域极点/H∞指标的满意控制问题,利用Lyapunov稳定性理论及代数Riccati矩阵不等式技术进行满足区域极点、H∞约束指标的满意控制器设计,并利用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法进行优化、设计相应的反馈控制。最后以经历三次Markov参数跳变的直升机模型进行模拟仿真,验证相关结论。     

非线性时滞系统模糊控制的一种新方法

针对一类状态变量具有时滞的非线性系统，研究了其模糊控制器的设计问题。采用线性矩阵不等式（LMI）的方法，设计了与状态变量导数有关的模糊控制器，得到了系统存在模糊控制器的充分条件，并利用线性矩阵不等式的解给出具体的形式，最后通过仿真说明了控制器的有效性。     

模糊时滞系统控制器依赖于状态时滞的H∞控制

针对一类非线性时滞系统，研究了该系统基于T—S模糊模型的H∞控制器设计问题。采用线性矩阵不等式LMI的方法，设计一个依赖于状态时滞的模糊控制器，得到了系统存在模糊控制器的充分条件，此充分条件等价于一类线性矩阵不等式的可解性，最后通过仿真说明了控制器的有效性。     

基于状态观测器的四旋翼飞行器鲁棒控制

针对一类具有不确定性的系统,当系统状态难以测量时,通过构造状态观测器,设计了基于状态观测器的鲁棒控制。通过选取李雅普诺夫函数,推导出满足鲁棒控制器存在的充分性条件,再通过Schur补性质将矩阵不等式转化为等价的线性矩阵不等式。利用MATLAB中的LMI工具箱求解线性矩阵不等式,得状态观测器增益和状态反馈控制器增益。最后,将结论应用于四旋翼飞行器中,证明了所提方法的有效性。     

基于面积比矩阵的加权特征向量点匹配算法

提出一种在仿射变换下点集关系描述算子--面积比矩阵,证明了其在仿射变换群下的不变性质;并由该性质推导得出特征向量(EA)匹配算法抗噪性能差的原因,在此基础上给出了基于面积比矩阵的加权特征向量算法.算法构造不同图像的面积比矩阵,对矩阵进行分解得到其特征值和特征向量,通过特征值进行加权获得图像中点的特征向量,比较图像点的特征向量获取匹配关系.因面积比矩阵的仿射不变性质,算法能实现仿射变换下点集精确匹配;采用的加权特征向量法改进了EA匹配法,具有更好的抗噪性能.实验表明算法切实可行.     

临近空间高超声速机动目标跟踪的IMM-QB算法北大核心

经典的交互式多模型(IMM)算法由于转移概率矩阵固定不变,在跟踪运动状态未知且多变的临近空间高超声速目标时存在一定的不合理性。通过采用准贝叶斯(Quasi-Bayesian)估计对转移概率矩阵在线调整的方法,与基于CV-CA-Singer的经典交互式多模型算法进行融合形成了IMM-QB算法。Monte Carlo仿真实验表明,IMM-QB算法对临近空间高超声速滑跃式机动目标的跟踪精度有一定程度的提高。     

临近空间高超声速机动目标跟踪的IMM-QB算法

经典的交互式多模型(IMM)算法由于转移概率矩阵固定不变,在跟踪运动状态未知且多变的临近空间高超声速目标时存在一定的不合理性。通过采用准贝叶斯(Quasi-Bayesian)估计对转移概率矩阵在线调整的方法,与基于CV-CA-Singer的经典交互式多模型算法进行融合形成了IMM-QB算法。Monte Carlo仿真实验表明,IMM-QB算法对临近空间高超声速滑跃式机动目标的跟踪精度有一定程度的提高。     

基于偏差映射聚类的目标关联方法

多传感器目标关联是确定不同传感器系统观测的若干信号是否来源于同一目标,它是现代多传感器系统中的一个重要问题。传统的关联方法通过计算不同观测间的关联代价,通过求解代价矩阵最优解来获得关联匹配,但是容易受到环境和传感器性能的影响。提出了一种基于偏差映射聚类(bias mapping cluster,BMC)的目标关联方法,通过对多个传感器间观测目标偏差映射点进行聚类,搜索局部密度最大的映射点集作为传感器间的目标关联结果,走出了利用数学方法求解全局最优解的传统模式。相较其他传感器间目标关联方法,仿真结果表明该方法能有效利用目标观测的空间散布特性,关联正确率更高,并对虚假目标和目标失配等情况具有更强的适应性。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.