地空协同无人系统综述

地空协同无人系统作为新质跨域智能作战力量已成为世界强国开展军事技术竞争的前沿方向。本文首先总结了地空协同无人系统的概念、功能及发展目标,分析了世界主要国家制定的专项规划,从形成智能作战体系、改变战场攻防平衡及全面提高作战效能三个方面阐述了地空协同无人系统对未来战争的重大意义;其次,针对其面临的环境复杂、资源受限和平台异构等约束条件,从分布式态势认知、适应性智能导航及异构系统协同控制等方面总结了地空协同无人系统需要突破的关键技术;最后,为应对智能化战争挑战,从技术瓶颈、平台建设及政策支持等方面提出发展建议。该研究可为地空协同无人系统在国防科技领域的研究、应用和发展提供参考。     

智能无人作战系统发展及关键技术

随着人工智能、控制、通信等技术的成熟,无人系统不断发展,延伸至军事作战领域,无人作战系统将深刻影响未来战争的发展方向。研究了国外无人作战系统发展现状及主要特点,分析了智能无人作战系统的关键技术,以防空作战为背景,提出未来智能无人作战系统的发展初步构想,梳理总结了应关注的重点技术方向,为智能无人防空系统发展提供参考。     

地空无人平台协同作战应用研究

战争即将进入智能化时代,无人装备将成为未来战场主角.地空无人平台协同应用是未来战场的必然趋势.基于未来战场复杂作战环境需求,针对地空无人平台协同作战应用进行研究.合理分析协同作战应用的必然性;从协同侦察感知、协同指挥控制、协同支援保障、协同防御警戒4个领域进行作战应用研究,并分析其技术基础及可行性;列出地空协同运用存在的难点并给出合理的意见建议,为陆军作战、编制及装备体系的论证规划提供参考.     

人工智能在无人战场态势预判与博弈对抗中的应用

在未来高强度火力对抗的战场环境下,具备无人协同、相互协作、优势互补及效能倍增的军事智能无人作战能力,是新时代军队取得战争胜利的关键所在。首先分析了当前智能无人作战的发展现状,然后对未来技术发展进行了研判,提出了人工智能在战场态势预判与博弈对抗中的应用,最后为智能无人作战的发展进行了总结和展望。     

基于多Agent舰空导弹协同反导作战体系结构研究

舰艇编队中多个舰空导弹系统协同反导作战系统是一个异构、分布、开放和松散耦合的复杂分布式人工智能控制系统,而多智能体(Multi-Agent)原理与技术是研究复杂分布式人工智能控制系统的有效方法.从舰艇编队协同反导作战需求和多智能体结构特点分析入手,提出了舰艇编队协同反导防御作战"两层三网"的体系结构,阐明了系统组成和功能.     

陆军智能化无人化作战体系构建

文章基于智能化无人化技术发展对陆军战争形态演化的驱动作用,阐述了智能无人作战体系在陆军全地域、全天候、全时段遂行多样化军事使命任务作战能力,分析了基于智能无人作战系统从人机弱结合到人机融合的演进方向,提出"人在回路、物在感知、可随遇接入和动态重组,且能够自适应、协同、自组织"的智能化无人化作战体系构建思路。     

【专题】无人系统互操作性发展现状与关键问题

无人系统正在加速由专用化、单一化向通用化、标准化发展,多无人系统协同、无人-有人系统协同、无人系统集群等新型作战概念不断成熟。无人系统互操作性是提高无人系统联合作战能力的倍增器和推动无人系统系列化发展的重要抓手,也是适应无人系统协同化、集群化发展的必然需求。本文详细阐述了无人系统互操作性的概念内涵,从顶层规划、技术创新和能力验证三个方面分析了无人系统互操作性发展现状,提出了一种针对跨域、多域无人系统互操作的等级模型,构建了自底向上和自顶向下相结合的互操作性关键支撑技术体系,剖析了通用/开放体系架构、标准协议与模块化组件、自主能力评估验证、数据传输与数据策略等技术因素,并展望了下一步研究重点。     

无人作战系统发展

无人作战系统是信息化战争中夺取信息优势、实施精确打击、完成特殊作战任务的重要手段之一，是未来军事力量的倍增器。文章在介绍国内外无人作战系统发展现状和特点的基础上，对无人作战系统的发展趋势进行了详细分析，同时对无人作战系统的关键技术，包括自主技术、协同技术、通信技术、平台技术和载荷技术等进行较为深入的阐述。     

多武器跨域智能协同对空作战应用及关键技术

随着人工智能技术与空战武器装备的逐步融合,"智能、跨域、自主、分布、协同"等空战新特征日益显著,正在不断推动未来空战走向新的形态。深入分析了国外对空作战的发展现状,并对未来空战技术发展进行了研判,提出了多武器跨域智能协同对空的作战场景,对其中的应用及关键技术进行了研究,为智能空战的发展进行了总结和展望,促进了人工智能技术在空战武器系统中的应用。     

无人装备发展新动向及影响研究

近年来,无人装备的性能稳步提升,作战应用的范围和深度不断拓展,开始登上战争舞台,受到越来越高的关注和重视。随着信息技术、控制技术等关键技术的发展,无人装备呈现出新的发展动向,控制方式向自主方向发展,作战模式向系统协同方向发展,作战任务向火力打击拓展,体系结构向模块化、通用化方向发展,无人作战时代即将到来。无人装备性能的显著提升及广泛作战应用,将改变传统作战式样、催生新型作战力量,模糊战争与非战争界限,对未来战争产生深远影响。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.