美国防高级研究计划局的今与昔

DARPA最初的任务是重组美国军事空间项目，但它同时也承担探索未来技术发展，确保美国技术优势的任务。在成立50周年之际，DARPA仍然是一个得到政府特殊支持的灵活的机构。DARPA关注的焦点随着时间的推移而不断变化，从空间和导弹防御计划到越南战争中反游击战破坏；从冷战时期对付前苏联的重装甲部队到海湾战争后改进情报、监视与侦察能力。     

浅析马赛克战项目布局与关键技术

<正>作为美国防预先研究体系中的核心、国防科技创新的领导者,美国防高级研究计划局（DARPA）始终以“投资国家安全领域颠覆性技术,防范对手技术突袭”为使命。马赛克战作为DARPA首个以作战概念引领技术创新的范例,围绕体系架构、指挥控制与作战管理、通信组网、平台与武器、基础技术等方面布局近百个项目,力图破解关键技术难题,谋求智能化时代技术优势。     

增强海防部队整体防卫能力

海防部队建设是海防力量建设的核心，要根据实际需要，调整海防部队力量布局，发挥防卫整体优势；推行新型海防部队体制编制，提高现代防卫效能；建立多维立体防卫体系，增强联合防卫能力；加强海防部队武器升级换代，努力提高海防部队整体防卫能力。     

美国量子技术研发:相关政策与国防预算

在梳理近年来美国量子技术相关政策与发展计划的基础上,对美国国防部的量子技术相关研发预算的总量及不同机构的分解预算进行详细分析。量子技术在军事领域具有广泛的应用前景,能够提升信息安全、军事作战效能、情报收集和处理能力。美国国防部始终注重量子技术的战略谋划和系统布局,持续投资多领域的量子技术研发项目,以确保美国在量子信息科学领域的持续领先地位,将对未来军事及民用领域科技发展带来深远的影响。     

《军用车辆运用工程》

在现代战争条件下,兵器装备系统的作战效能是决定部队战斗力的重要因素.兵器装备系统的作战效能取决于兵器装备的作战性能和系统的保障性能.军用车辆中坦克装甲装备是陆军的突击力量,其投入量大、战伤率高、战斗环境十分复杂恶劣,这就要求其作战性能与系统的保障能力不断提高与强化.《军用车辆运用工程》专著就军用车辆运用工程专业研究的目的和内容、学科的形成与发展以及专业理论和应用知识组成等方面作了较全面的论述,并反映了当前车辆使用与维修领域中的先进科学与技术,如预防维修逻辑决断、故障和失效分析、等离子喷涂与     

具有适应能力的微小系统——芯片级系统工程学研究领域的一场革命

当前，在电子工程技术类刊物上，经常会看到有关集成式微小系统及其技术发展现状方面的研究报道。本文立足于此技术发展的前沿，集中论述了当今世界高新技术领头雁美国的一些最新的设计范例，其设计思想和技术发展概念远远超出了当前所有基于静态元件的先进系统。文章首先提出了具有适应能力的微小系统概念，概述了实现这种片上系统所面临的技术难题和适用途径；讨论了美国国防高级研究计划局（DARPA）在推动这种未来元件和未来系统的研究中所起的作用；介绍了DARPA为促进这种系统的研究和生产所做的努力，并着重讨论了DARPA下属的微小系统技术办公室（MTO）目前正在实施的多个研究项目，其中包括新颖的电路体系结构（3DIC）、具有适应能力的成像与感觉判断装置（AFPA，VISA，MONTAGE，A—to—I），以及可重组的RF／微波装置（SMART、TFAST和IRFFE）等。     

提高战伤救治时效性，构建“救治前移体系”

提高战伤救治时效性已成为军队卫勤建设的重要目标。在战争形态、国内外局势和武器装备水平不断变化的形势下,需要对传统阶梯救治理论进行变革,因此,提出构建“救治前移体系”的卫勤理论。“救治前移”的要素包括时间前移、空间前移、技术前移和专家前移,取首字母缩写又称“双TS体系”：时间和地点前移满足“时”的要求;技术和专家前移达到“效”的目的。构建“救治前移体系”能够提升“体系化”的战伤时效救治能力。在运用救治前移理论时应注意避免盲目救治前移和“重技术、轻勤务”现象,同时处理好外军经验和军队实际的关系,并关注未来战争发展形态的影响。     

宁夏组织召开国动委办公室主任会议

前不久，宁夏回族自治区国防动员委员会组织召开了全区国动委办公室主任会议。会议传达学习了军委改革工作会议精神，听取了各办公室2015年工作完成情况汇报和新年度主要工作安排。会议明确，要突出抓规划，研究论证、编制起草《自治区国防动员建设发展“十三五”规划》，以规划统筹各项建设；突出抓培训，持续组织区市县三级国动委系统工作人员进行业务培训，提升履职尽责能力；突出抓规范，进一步规范完善区市县三级国防动员办事机构，落实人员编制、经费保障等制度，确保工作运行顺畅；突出抓考核，将国防动员工作纳入自治区各级效能目标管理考核体系，研究制定《自治区国防动员工作效能目标管理考核实施办法》，以考促备、以考促建。会议强调，要深入贯彻党的十八大和十八届三中、四中、五中全会及军委改革工作会议精神，牢牢把握“四个全面”战略布局要求，以党在新形势下的强国强军目标为统领，以省军区系统划归军委国防动员部领导管理为契机，着眼支援保障打赢信息化战争，以使命任务为牵引，以军民融合发展为途径，以打造全国国防动员样板为抓手，科学统筹谋划、突出工作重点，坚持改革创新、破解矛盾问题，聚集军地合力、共同推进发展，以更新的认识、更清的思路、更高的标准，强化责任意识，狠抓工作落实，在新的起点上强力推动国防动员建设创新发展。     

提升装备物资采购保障能力的策略设计

装备物资采购关系到装备保障职能的充分发挥和作战效能发挥能力的积累，其采购保障过程涉及极其复杂的技术问题和管理问题。采购保障策略是开展采购和管理项目所确定的思路和实现途径，完善的采购保障策略设计对于重大的装备物资采购项目的成败具有举足轻重的作用。本文从军队装备物资采购的基本内涵与特点入手，结合工作实践和调查研究，从采购信息运用、流程管控、权责修订、法规约束和需求预测等业务管理层面进行分析，阐述了当前装备物资采购的发展现状，提出了提升装备物资采购保障能力的策略设计，以期实现采购组织、流程和系统的整体优化，为装备物资采购改革中相关措施的修订与完善提供新思路和新方法。     

区域防空预警信息优势能力模型研究

立足于网络中心战条件下的联合防空作战领域,以区域防空预警探测系统为切入点,对信息优势能力展开建模研究。选取态势感知效能、信息网络效能以及信息对抗效能作为系统信息优势能力的主要衡量指标并对其评估方法展开研究。给出"信息优势""信息优势能力"的定义及数学表达式,设例对联合防空作战中敌我双方的制信息权进行量化与图表分析,探寻参战方掌握信息优势能力进而获取制信息权的条件、发展空间及努力途径。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.