基于TBM机动再入的GBKI中制导段控制分析

针对TBM机动再入的突防手段,基于零控脱靶量的引导方法,论述了GBKI拦截TBM中制导段的控制需求。运用微分对策的方法建立了拦截弹、来袭TBM的运动模型及弹目相对运动模型,得出GBKI末段高层拦截TBM中制导段的最优控制律,并进行了案例仿真分析,印证了GBKI末段高层拦截机动再入的TBM须适当增大拦截弹前置角的结论。     

装药量对动能拦截器轨道修正能力的影响

大气层外动能拦截器末段的轨道修正能力与制导方式有关,通过仿真计算研究某种制导方式下,装药量对轨道修正能力的影响。研究结果表明,动能拦截器的轨道修正能力与中末交班时的零控脱靶向量的方向有关,其方向性随着装药量递减具有一定的变化规律:当装药量充足时,由零控脱靶向量的2个垂直分量构成的"拦截域"形状近似为正方形,随着装药量逐渐减少,"拦截域"的形状由充足时的正方形逐渐萎缩为圆角正方形、圆形、菱形和星型,"拦截域"的面积和尺寸也逐渐缩小。     

零控脱靶量有限时间收敛制导律

针对高速机动目标的拦截问题,研究了一种考虑导弹自动驾驶仪动态特性的零控脱靶量有限时间收敛制导律。对导弹-目标三维相对运动几何关系进行解耦,并考虑导弹的自动驾驶仪动态特性,推导了一种新型三维零控脱靶量模型;在此基础上,基于自适应滑模控制理论和有限时间稳定性理论,选取俯仰平面和偏航平面的零控脱靶量为滑模面,设计了零控脱靶量有限时间收敛三维自适应滑模制导律;对该制导律的稳定性和有限时间收敛特性进行了分析和证明。仿真结果表明,与比例制导律相比,所设计的制导律可使导弹的零控脱靶量在有限时间内收敛到零,且具有更高的制导精度。     

基于可信性理论的标准-3拦截弹末段修正能力分析

基于可信性理论对标准-3拦截弹末段修正能力进行分析。由拦截末段相对运动动力学推导了标准-3拦截弹末段可消除的最大零控脱靶量解析表达式;针对其中的参数不确定性,将不确定参数视为模糊变量运用可信性理论进行建模,采用模糊模拟算法得到标准-3末段可消除的最大零控脱靶量的可能性测度悲观值和乐观值,可信性测度均值和标准差及可能性、必要性和可信性分布函数。本文研究为弹道导弹中段机动突防动力系统设计提供了理论依据,同时为如何根据有限的已知信息获得合理的未知信息提供了有效途径。     

一种基于零控脱靶量的滑模末制导律设计

基于零控脱靶量的思想,提出一种能够有效针对大气层再入目标的滑模末制导律.首先,建立纵向平面内的弹目相对运动方程;然后利用扩张状态观测器对目标机动加速度信息进行估计,并对零控脱靶量算法进行分析,提出了制导律的设计思路;接着利用滑模变结构控制理论进行制导律的推导;最后进行仿真分析,仿真结果证明,所设计的制导律能够很好地对目标弹进行拦截,并且指令的跟踪效果也很好,从而验证了算法的有效性.     

动能拦截器轨道修正能力的数值计算方法

大气层外动能拦截器末段的轨道修正能力与制导方式有关,给出了某种制导方式下轨道修正能力的数值计算方法。该方法通过计算动能拦截器在飞行末段能够消除的最大零控脱靶量得到轨道修正能力。仿真结果表明,该数值计算方法不仅可以计算装药量充足情况下的轨道修正能力,而且可以计算装药量不足时的轨道修正能力。该数值计算方法具有编程实现简单和计算快捷的优点,可以满足快速计算轨道修正能力的需求。     

基于激光测距仪信息的模糊控制导引方法

针对动能拦截器在大气层外完成拦截任务的末制导问题,利用激光测距仪的测距信息、红外导引头与惯性测量设备的测量信息,推导了弹目相对运动信息的计算方法,及基于相对运动信息计算待飞时间与零效脱靶量的计算公式.设计了一种基于零效脱靶量的模糊控制末制导律,兼顾节省燃料与满足制导精度要求.通过数学仿真验证,该方法具有较高的制导精度和鲁棒性,且燃料消耗较少.     

末段反导防御系统探测误差对拦截效果的影响

弹道导弹末段防御系统包括探测系统与拦截系统,探测系统为拦截系统提供目标状态信息。从拦截脱靶量以及燃料消耗两个方面研究探测系统的探测误差对拦截系统拦截效果的影响。在系统分析了末段拦截系统的探测误差及弹目运动规律的基础上,建立了基于比例导引法的末段拦截系统模型,将无迹卡尔曼滤波引入模型中对状态变量进行滤波处理。通过改变探测误差的大小研究探测误差与脱靶量和燃料消耗之间的关系,给出了成功拦截时雷达探测误差与导引头探测误差应满足的条件。     

一种基于零效脱靶量的末制导律

在非线性θ-D滤波算法的基础上,将零效脱靶量直接引入到末制导律设计中。推导了利用弹目相对运动参数计算零效脱靶量的公式和利用零效脱靶量计算轨控发动机开机时间的公式,设计了零效脱靶量的数据处理方法,定义了零效脱靶量数据处理中的相关概念,设计了一种基于零效脱靶量的末制导律。经过仿真验证,该算法在精度水平略优于基于视线角速率的比例导引律,且燃料消耗水平明显优于后者,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

基于微分几何的拦截弹制导律研究?

针对战术导弹的拦截问题,根据质点微分几何运动学在弧长系下及在时域内的关系,将弧长系下的微分几何制导律应用到实际的TBM拦截过程中,得到了空间中时域内的微分几何制导律以及相应的过载指令。根据拦截过程中目标的不同机动方式,采用微分几何制导与比例导引进行了仿真对比与分析,得到了两种导引律下的脱靶量与拦截时间。仿真结果表明,微分几何制导律能够在拦截过程中降低视线角速度并使其趋于稳定,在拦截开始其过载需求较大并逐渐降低至接近0,脱靶量及拦截时间都小于比例导引律,采用微分几何制导律能够在更短时的时间内进行精确拦截。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

Does Intent equal Capability? Al-Qaeda and Weapons of Mass Destruction

The prospect of terrorists deploying weapons of mass destruction (WMD) is often referred to as the foremost danger to American national security. This danger has become more realistic because of al-Qaeda's expanding global network and the expressed willingness to kill thousands of civilians. In the past four years, numerous media reports have documented the group's ongoing quest for WMD capabilities; many reports have detailed al-Qaeda members’ attempts to manufacture or obtain certain chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents to use in WMD against targets in the West and the Middle East. Yet the question remains: Does al-Qaeda's current WMD capability match its actual intent? While most studies of the group have focused on its explicit desire for WMD, allegations of CBRN acquisition, and the killing potential of specific CBRN agents, few open-source studies have closely examined the evolution of al-Qaeda's consideration of WMD and, most notably, the merit of actual CBRN production instructions as depicted and disseminated in the group's own literature and manuals. The following report will examine the history of al-Qaeda's interest in CBRN agents, the evolution of the network's attitude toward these weapons, and the internal debate within the organization concerning acquisition and use of WMD. More so, the following research will assess the validity of actual CBRN production instructions and capabilities as displayed and disseminated in al-Qaeda's own literature and websites.     

Late Medieval Lance Use: Mounted Combat and Martial Arts in Western Europe from the 14th to the 16th Century

Despite the lance’s status and the amount of attention the couched lance has received in historiography, study of its martial art has been neglected. The various lance types and techniques used by western European cavalry have only recently begun to receive scholarly attention. Additionally, Medieval European lance use has too often been studied in isolation, without an adequate understanding of the idiosyncratic and asymmetrical dynamics of mounted combat. Although the charge with the couched lance was a valid tactic, it was only one of many. Light and heavy lances were used in one hand or two to trip, block, unhorse, and wrestle. These techniques were governed by the harsh laws of distance, speed, impact, iron, and asymmetry. By utilizing the surviving Fechtbücher and several Peninsular and Near Eastern sources, a brief foray into the diverse techniques of lance use and their purposes has been attempted here.     

A model for geographically distributed combat interactions of swarming naval and air forces

This article describes the Distributed Interaction Campaign Model (DICM), an exploratory campaign analysis tool and asset allocation decision‐aid for managing geographically distributed and swarming naval and air forces. The model is capable of fast operation, while accounting for uncertainty in an opponent's plan. It is intended for use by commanders and analysts who have limited time for model runs, or a finite budget. The model is purpose‐built for the Pentagon's Office of Net Assessment, and supports analysis of the following questions: What happens when swarms of geographically distributed naval and air forces engage each other and what are the key elements of the opponents’ force to attack? Are there changes to force structure that make a force more effective, and what impacts will disruptions in enemy command and control and wide‐area surveillance have? Which insights are to be gained by fast exploratory mathematical/computational campaign analysis to augment and replace expensive and time‐consuming simulations? An illustrative example of model use is described in a simple test scenario. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 562–576, 2016     

Thomas Firth and Sons – Steelmakers to the Arms Industries. Part 2: Heavy Armaments

Firth’s were the first of the Sheffield steel makers to enter the field armaments. Their involvement with Colt has been outlined in an article in the journal of the Colt Collectors Association in America and their activities as steelmakers to the small-arms industries has been covered in a previous issue of this Journal. This article gives a brief overview of their involvement as manufacturers in the field of heavy armaments, being the first to make all-steel guns and their evolving role in the use of steel for ordnance, culminating in the displacement of wrought iron by the adoption of steel for ordnance manufacture by the Royal Gun Factory in the 1880s. It also highlights their development of stainless steel in this context.