基于GPS相位差的炮弹滚转角测量方法

针对高速旋转炮弹滚转角的测量问题,在分析天线载波相位差与滚转角、滚转角速率关系的基础上,将GPS相位差作为量测输入,利用卡尔曼滤波器估计载体的滚转角和滚转角速率。仿真结果表明:该方法能很好地估计出载体的滚转角,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

高旋弹丸弹道飞行试验的滚转角估测方法研究

为解决炮射高旋弹丸在弹道飞行试验中滚转角测量的参考比较问题,提出了一种基于太阳方位的弹丸滚转角估测方法。在给出了基于太阳方位的弹丸滚转角估测原理后,建立了一种视场中心角可变的太阳光可视模型,并给出了依据实际靶场射向及试验时间的光测应用方法与设计步骤,包括光测参数设计、光测时间窗口获取、滚转角估测计算及其估测误差分析。全弹道飞行试验验证了文中描述的利用太阳方位角的弹丸滚转角测量方法可行性。     

一种变质心高速旋转炮弹鲁棒姿态控制律

针对采用变质心技术的高速旋转炮弹的姿态控制问题,提出一种基于扩张状态观测器的动态面控制方法。根据由弹体和单滑块组成的多体系统的特点,建立了系统的姿态动力学模型,并对其进行了合理的简化。将系统的滚转通道引起的强耦合、建模误差及外部扰动等视为未知不确定干扰,并且考虑由于炮弹尺寸限制而引起的多体系统控制输入(滑块位移)的有限性,设计了扩张状态观测器和辅助系统,分别对系统的干扰进行观测以及处理控制输入的有限性,综合动态面控制技术设计了姿态控制律,最后基于李雅普诺夫稳定性原理证明了控制器的稳定性。仿真结果表明,该控制器能够在克服干扰的前提下快速稳定地跟踪指令信号,具有良好的控制精度和鲁棒性。     

基于磁强计测量的滚转弹药姿态估计

为了实时获得滚转弹药的飞行姿态信息,提出了一种速率陀螺与磁强计组合的姿态测量方案。该方案采用磁强计获得大地磁场强度在弹体三轴的投影及其变化率,结合刚体转动运动模型,利用最优估计技术获得了滚转弹药姿态信息。与单点测量方法相比,最优估计方法综合了测量信息序列,不会出现反三角函数双值失控现象,并可获得更高精度。仿真表明:陀螺无漂移时,俯仰角、偏航角的解算精度小于0.1°;采用低成本陀螺含漂移时,姿态角的解算精度小于0.4°。     

旋转飞行器非线性运动稳定性判据

在弹体坐标系和准弹体坐标系中建立了旋转飞行器角运动数学模型。应用李亚普诺夫第一近似理论和劳斯-霍尔维茨方法导出了旋转飞行器的非线性运动稳定性判据,这个判据可应用于有控旋转导弹的运动稳定性分析,也可应用到炮弹和火箭弹上。     

横向运动板对长杆弹侵彻的偏转作用

弹体的攻角直接影响其侵彻能力,而横向运动板能使弹体发生偏转改变攻角,间接影响弹体的侵彻能力。在一定条件下,推导长杆弹在单层横向运动板作用下的偏转模型,并利用有限元仿真软件ANSYS／LS-rDYNA对长杆弹侵彻横向运动板的过程进行数值模拟。通过对偏转模型及仿真结果的分析,发现两者较为相符。研究结果显示：长杆弹侵彻横向运动板时,弹体会发生偏转,偏转的角速度先增后减,最后为0rad／s,此时偏转角最大;弹体速度方向也会发生偏转,其最终偏转角与弹体轴线的偏转角接近。     

弹载惯性测量系统抗高过载技术

在现代高技术条件下的局部战争中,为了提高火炮的射程、打击精度和反应速度,发展制导炮弹系统就成为必然的选择.弹体姿态测量系统是制导系统的重要组成部分,解决其在炮弹发射高过载恶劣环境下的生存问题就成为研究的关键之一.提出了主要抗高过载手段,并对弹体姿态测量系统的抗高过载性能进行了Ansys软件仿真、马歇特试验以及实弹飞行试验.最后得到结论,所给出的抗高过载方案在降低高过载对弹体姿态测量系统的影响方面,可以发挥良好的作用.     

三线圈滚转姿态角测量系统建模与设计

为了对制导弹药进行精确定姿,需要准确测量弹丸滚转姿态角,首先建立三线圈滚转姿态角测量系统模型,详细阐述了系统工作原理,介绍了系统硬件设计方法及软件设计思想.通过使用三个磁感应线圈传感器对人工磁场及地磁场进行测量,并结合相应滚转角解算算法,可实时计算出弹丸滚转姿态角.     

基于正交试验与灰关联的弹体着靶参数敏感性分析

为分析着靶参数对截锥形半穿甲战斗部侵彻性能的影响程度,通过正交试验制定了试验方案并进行了数值仿真,同时对正交试验结果数据进行了灰关联分析,得到了弹体侵彻过程中着靶参数与弹体最大过载、速度变化量以及弹体偏转角之间的关联程度。分析结果表明:着靶参数对弹体最大过载的影响程度排序为:靶板厚度入射速度入射角度攻角;对弹体速度变化量的影响程度排序为:靶板厚度入射角度入射速度攻角;对弹体偏转角的影响程度排序依次为:弹体攻角入射速度入射角度靶板厚度。分析结论可为着靶姿态的控制及舰船防护提供一定的参考。     

自旋导弹控制耦合及补偿解耦性能研究

弹体滚转条件下,舵机的动力学滞后造成了自旋导弹的控制耦合。建立了准弹体坐标系下等效舵系统的动力学传递函数矩阵,基于串联补偿解耦方法,研究了补偿角与弹体转速、控制信号频率之间的关系,以及补偿角对舵系统关联性的影响。研究表明,针对稳态解耦补偿角取值为最优补偿角时,舵系统的通道关联性达到最小,但理论上该方法在控制信号为低频条件下才能实现近似的静态解耦;当控制信号频率较高时,会出现过补偿现象,控制系统解耦性能下降;补偿角的上界值会随着弹体转速发生变化,因此应该对补偿角进行在线动态修正,避免发生过补偿现象。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.