基于干涉仪测向的电子侦察卫星单星定位精度分析

针对信息化战场面临的复杂电磁环境,研究基于二维干涉仪测向方法的电子侦察卫星单星定位体制。分析了电子侦察卫星单星定位原理及定位算法,提出了电子侦察卫星单星测向定位精度GDOP算法,通过仿真定量计算卫星测角误差、卫星姿态误差和卫星位置误差对卫星定位精度的影响程度。结果表明电子侦察卫星测角精度、姿态控制精度和位置测量精度越高,单星定位精度越高。     

基于多源传感器的单星定位算法与精度分析

为解决单星环境下静态载体的单点定位问题,建立基于芯片级原子钟和气压高度计辅助下的单星定位算法.包括对单星连续测距定位算法进行算法推导、误差分析与仿真验证、搭建静态单星定位试验平台,以及利用实测数据验证单星连续测距定位算法的有效性.仿真与实验结果表明:真实接收机经过对一颗卫星的连续观测,辅以高精度芯片级原子钟和气压高度计提供时钟和高度信息,可在2 min内完成500 m精度定位,以及在5 min内完成200 m精度定位,完全符合战时应急定位精度需求.     

基于联邦卡尔曼滤波的组合导航定位算法

在传统的GPS/INS紧耦合组合导航系统中,由于伪距和多普勒频移误差的存在,系统存在一定的误差偏移。针对这种误差偏移,设计了一种联邦卡尔曼滤波组合导航算法,该算法采用二级卡尔曼滤波器,将卫星接收模块解算出的伪距信息和多普勒频移信息在第一级卡尔曼滤波后,与INS模块结算出的信息进行修正处理,再通过主滤波器得到紧耦合算法的INS解算结果校正量和定位位置最优估计。通过计算机仿真结果分析表明,该方法相对于传统的紧耦合组合导航算法可以有效减小误差,具有一定的理论价值和实用价值。     

基于外辐射源的AIEKF定位算法

为了提高扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)定位算法对目标状态估计的精度,降低迭代扩展卡尔曼滤波(IEKF)算法的运算复杂度,在单发单收的外辐射源定位体制下,利用方向角(DOA)和多普勒频移(Doppler)信息,提出了一种自适应迭代扩展卡尔曼滤波(AIEKF)定位算法,实现了对空中运动目标位置和速度的估计。仿真实验结果表明,相比于EKF算法,AIEKF算法收敛速度更快、定位精度更高。     

基于入侵杂草算法的水下目标TDOA定位方法

针对水下传感器网络中定位精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于入侵杂草算法的水下目标定位方法.利用入侵杂草优化算法,以定位误差为目标函数,优化设计未知节点的位置初值;利用初值和距离干扰参数估计粗略解,并引入目标定位误差来构造新的定位方程;根据加权最小二乘算法求解获得未知节点的精确解.通过与克拉美罗下界进行比较,验证了算法性能.仿真结果表明,提出的优化定位方法可得到更好的定位精度.     

单星对卫星的仅测角被动定轨跟踪方法研究

针对单星对卫星被动定轨时使用经典轨道根数作为状态变量可能存在奇点且测量方程变量及相应坐标转换缺乏物理意义等问题,提出一种新的基于J2000.0惯性系的单星对卫星扩展Kalman滤波仅测角被动定轨跟踪方法,并对测量方程中的变量及其坐标转换进行明确定义;同时对状态预测方程、状态转移矩阵及测量雅可比矩阵进行详细推导,最后通过STK6.0仿真场景产生的数据对算法在不同初始状态误差和测角精度下的性能进行对比分析和仿真验证。多次仿真结果表明:该算法实现了单颗高轨卫星(准同步轨道)通过仅测量角度对圆轨道(e=0)低轨卫星辐射源的被动定轨和跟踪,当测角精度优于平均角度变化量时,滤波收敛所需时间及估计误差都大大减小,且该算法对滤波初始误差也具有较好的适应性。     

多基纯距离测量条件下基于全局收敛策略的目标定位方法

在多基阵纯距离测量条件下,为提高目标定位精度,首先建立了多基纯距离目标定位系统最小二乘估计模型;然后,将全局收敛策略与高斯-牛顿法相结合,得到了解决多基纯距离目标定位问题的基于全局收敛策略的牛顿迭代算法,算法保留了二阶以上的观测误差;最后,对算法进行了仿真实验。仿真实验表明:与线性近似法相比,基于全局收敛策略的牛顿迭代算法提高了定位精度,增强了定位稳定性,有效地改善了多基纯距离目标定位系统的定位性能。     

非线性最小二乘定位问题的全局收敛解法

将全局收敛策略与牛顿法相结合,得到了对初值不敏感的迭代算法.将该算法应用于非线性最小二乘目标定位中,在初值受测量误差影响而估计不准的情况下,可以通过迭代得到精度更高的解.推导了应用于双基地二维目标定位情况下的全局收敛牛顿法.     

一种基于正交迭代的无人直升机着舰相对位姿估计方法

针对基于视觉的舰载无人直升机自主着舰过程中的相对位姿估计问题,选取着舰标志图像的角点特征进行求解,提出了一种基于正交迭代的位姿估计算法。该算法为满足位姿估计结果精确、鲁棒和高效的要求,采用目标空间误差作为误差函数,并基于透视投影模型给出迭代初值,相对于随机给定初始值而言,使得迭代次数减少,收敛速度提升;在迭代过程中,通过绝对定向方式来求解空间共线性误差最优值问题。仿真结果表明:该方法实时性好、精度较高,具有全局收敛性。     

基于极坐标多普勒伪状态的最佳线性无偏估计算法

理论和实践已经证明,除位置量测外,包含目标速度信息的多普勒量测具有有效提高目标状态的估计精度的潜力。基于目标匀速运动场景在直角坐标系下提出了一种可使用多普勒伪量测(即距离量测与多普勒量测的乘积)和多普勒伪状态的跟踪算法。从理论上讲,它是在最佳线性无偏估计准则下的近似最优线性无偏滤波器,并且避免了量测转换方法的根本缺陷。通过与目前几种流行的方法进行仿真比较,验证了新算法的优越性和可靠性。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.