不同初始条件下乙醇-空气预混合气层流燃烧火焰结构分析

给出了一个扩展的乙醇化学反应动力学机理并给予了验证。利用此扩展机理分别计算了不同初始条件下乙醇-空气混合气一维层流自由传播火焰中反应物、自由基、碳基中间产物和燃烧产物的分布规律,预测了NOx的浓度分布曲线。对于乙醇-空气火焰,得到的主要结论有：主要自由基OH、H和O浓度随初始压力增加而减小;随初始温度增加而增加;随氮气稀释度的增加而减小。自由基浓度随初始条件的变化规律部分地解释了实验和计算得到的层流燃烧速度随初始条件的变化规律。     

槽头式野战管线水击波速计算方法研究

按照弹性水击理论,管线内发生水力瞬变时,其水击波速取决于管子的弹性、流体的可压缩性和管子受约束的情况。对于给定的输送介质,焊接式固定输油管线的水击波速是一个常数。而槽头式野战管线采用连接器连接,胶圈密封,这种特殊的连接方式改变了管子整体的弹性摸量,从而使水击波速的常规计算方法不再适用。本文研究了野战管线连接器连接方式时水击波速的影响,实验研究了在受到约束时,橡胶的弹性模量随所受压力的变化而变化的规律,推导出野战管线水击波速平均计算方法,推导的公式表明:与焊接式固定管线不同,野战管线的水击波速随管线内压力的增大而增大。     

氯化钙和尿素对珊瑚砂胶结的影响

使用不同浓度氯化钙、尿素以及氯化钙尿素混合溶液浸泡珊瑚砂试样,干燥后得到具有一定强度的珊瑚砂柱,研究其表观、强度和微观结构特性,分析结晶种类和溶液浓度对珊瑚砂胶结的影响。结果表明:尿素结晶对砂土颗粒的胶结作用不明显,试样未能较好成型;氯化钙和氯化钙尿素混合结晶对砂土颗粒的胶结作用较明显,砂柱强度最高接近6 MPa。氯化钙胶结试样强度随溶液浓度增加先增大后减小,溶液浓度为3 mol/L左右时强度最大;混合溶液胶结试样强度随溶液浓度增加而不断增大。3种胶结试样微观图像的灰度熵、欧拉数和孔隙的定向度、分布分维随溶液浓度增加而减小;颗粒定向度和分布分维随溶液浓度增加而增大。氯化钙和氯化钙尿素混合溶液胶结试样颗粒面积比例、颗粒与孔隙圆形度均大于尿素胶结试样。     

模型乳化油废水的稳定性研究

以模型乳化油废水从静置开始至实现油水分离所需静置时间Ts的大小作为表征模型乳化油废水稳定性的标准,研究了粒径分布、表面活性剂类型、表面活性剂质量浓度和油分质量浓度对模型乳化油废水稳定性的影响规律。结果表明:其他参数相同时,模型乳化油废水的稳定性随平均粒径D(3,2)的增大而降低,随油分质量浓度的增大而增加;以阳离子表面活性剂C16H3(3CH3)3NBr、非离子表面活性剂C64H124O26和阴离子表面活性剂C18H29SO3Na为乳化剂的3种模型乳化油废水稳定性依次递增;当表面活性剂质量浓度处于较小范围内,模型乳化油废水的稳定性随表面活性剂质量浓度的增大而增加,但当表面活性剂质量浓度过大,超过临界胶束浓度,模型乳化油废水的稳定性反而降低。     

粉末燃料冲压发动机内镁粉尘云层流燃烧模型

对粉末燃料冲压发动机预燃室内镁粉尘云燃烧过程进行了研究,建立了镁粉尘云的一维层流预混燃烧模型。研究表明,镁粉尘云层流火焰传播很稳定,燃烧过程中火焰结构基本不变,燃烧区很薄,而预热区厚度约是燃烧区的2-3倍。粉尘云中镁颗粒的蒸发和气相镁与氧气的均相反应是产生火焰的直接原因,也是火焰得以传播的关键。预热区气相温度升高主要靠燃烧区气体的导热和扩散过来的气相镁与氧气反应释放热量,而预热区颗粒相温度升高主要靠气相对其对流传热。分析了各参数对粉尘云燃烧的影响,颗粒相对浓度对粉尘云燃烧的影响比较复杂,在浓度较低的情况下,增大颗粒相对浓度有利于粉尘云快速燃烧;而在浓度较高的情况下,增大颗粒相对浓度则不利于粉尘云快速燃烧。随颗粒粒径的增加,火焰传播速度减小,火焰温度升高,预热区厚度增大。火焰传播速度和火焰温度随粉尘云初温增加线性增长,预热区厚度随粉尘云初温增加抛物线增长。数值模拟与文献中试验结果的变化趋势相一致。     

脉冲电晕放电降解马拉硫磷染毒空气的实验研究

以马拉硫磷为毒剂模拟剂,采用脉冲电晕放电等离子体对其染毒空气进行洗消实验研究,考察了脉冲电压、脉冲频率和气体流量对洗消效果的影响。结果发现洗消率随着峰值电压和脉冲频率的增大而提高,随着气体流量的增大而减小。对不同浓度马拉硫磷的降解结果表明,随着初始浓度的增大洗消率降低,但绝对消除量增加。采用了GC-MS和化学方法对洗消产物进行定性分析．     

槽头式野战管线水击波速测量研究

液体管道的水击波速受流体压力、温度、分子结构、含气量及管线几何尺寸、管材等因素的影响,准确地确定管线的水击波速是一个相当困难的问题,通过实验测量水击波速是一个常用方法。管线水击波速的常用测量方法有波前法和周期法。综合运用波前法和周期法,设计了实验测量野战管线的水击波速,并将实验结果与笔者先前提出的水击波速计算公式的计算结果作了对比,验证了公式的有效性。     

装配型管线压力波速的计算

装配型管线内含有巨量的连接密封橡胶圈,它们对压力波速有影响.提出一个计及其影响而又简明实用的压力波速计算方法:将胶圈的体积模量并入管内液体的体积模量中,以组合的体积模量计算压力波速,并给出Dg100管线输送汽油和水时的具体数值.     

高速互联线的高频串扰仿真研究

为了研究PCB板上高速互联线之间的串扰,基于传输线分布参数节点导纳方程和快速傅里叶逆变换技术,仿真研究了PCB板布线间的串扰电压响应,分析了分布参数、线长度及端接阻抗对串扰强弱的影响,提出了减少串扰的措施。仿真结果表明：串扰电压值随分布电感的增加而减小,随分布电容的增加变化不明显;串扰电压值随线长增加而减小;串扰电压值随干扰线端接阻抗的增加而减小,随受扰线端接阻抗的增大而增大。     

横向扫描敏感子弹的命中概率分析

为了获得某新型横向扫描敏感子弹对车辆目标的命中概率,结合子弹的运动特点和作用过程,建立了子弹六自由度弹道方程组,并分析了影响子弹命中概率的主要因素,最终建立了子弹识别和命中目标的数学模型.结果表明:命中概率随子弹初始扰动、最大摆动角和弹目距离的减小而增加,当初始扰动小于0.05 rad/s,最大摆动角小于1.12°,弹...     

Reaction degree of composition B explosive with multi-layered compound structure protection subjected to detonation loading

The explosive reaction degree and protection from explosions are concerns in the military field.In this work,the reaction degree of the composition B explosive was investigated experimentally.Multi-layered compound structures were used as barriers to weaken the blast loads.A comprehensive experiment using a high-speed camera and image processing techniques,side witness plates,and bottom witness plates was presented.Using the experimental fragment velocities,fragment piercing patterns,and damage characteristics,the reaction degree of the explosive impeded by different multi-layered com-pound structures could be precisely differentiated.Reaction parameters of the explosive obstructed by compound structures were obtained by theoretical analysis and numerical simulations.Unlike the common method in which the explosive reaction degree is only distinguished based on the initial pressure amplitude transmitted into the explosive,a following shock wave reflected from the side steel casing was also considered.Different detonation growth paths in the explosive formed.Therefore,all these shock wave propagation characteristics must be considered to analyze the explosive response impeded by compound structures.     

Numerical study on the case effect of a bomb air explosion

When considering the bomb explosion damage effect, the air shock wave and high-speed fragments of the bomb case are two major threats. In experiments, the air shock wave was studied by the bare ex-plosives superseding the real cased bomb; in contrast, the bomb case influence was ignored to reduce risk. The air explosion simulations of the MK84 warhead with and without the case were conducted. The numerical simulation results showed that the bomb case significantly influenced the shock wave generated by the bomb: the spatial distribution of shock wave in the near field changed, and the peak value of shock wave was reduced. Breakage of the case and kinetic energy of the fragmentation consumed 3 and 38% of the explosion energy, respectively. The increasing factors of the peak over-pressure induced by the bare explosive on the ground and in the air were 1.43-3.04 and 1.37-1.57, respectively. Four typical stages of case breakage were defined. The mass distribution of the fragments follows the Mott distribution. The initial velocity distribution of the fragments agreed well with the Gurney equation.     

B4C／Al复合板中应力波行为分析（Ⅱ）

在已建立的应力波传播模型和研究弹、板间作用力所获结果的基础上，为分析复合板应力的变化，对复合板弹板碰撞承受的应力进行了简化处理，根据应力波传播特性，确定了复合板内能量集中区域，研究了应力波在复合板巾的传播和能耗，并讨论了应力波对陶瓷的作用。通过近似计算，发现烧蚀消耗的弹丸动能较大，在复合板中，Al板的塑性变形吸收了19％的弹丸动能。     

Experimental and numerical study of the blast wave decrease using sandwich panel by granular materials core

Among the intrinsic properties of some materials, e.g., foams, porous materials, and granular materials, are their ability to mitigate shock waves. This paper investigated shock wave mitigation by a sandwich panel with a granular core. Numerical simulations and experimental tests were performed using Autodyn hydro-code software and a shock tube, respectively. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was used to model granular materials. Sawdust and pumice, whose properties were determined by several compression tests, were used as granular materials in the sandwich panel core. These granular materials possess many mechanisms, including compacting (e.g., sawdust) and crushing (e.g., pumice) that mitigate shock/blast wave. The results indicated the ineffectiveness of using a core with low thickness, yet it was demonstrated to be effective with high thickness. Low-thickness pumice yielded better results for wave mitigation. The use of these materials with a core with appropriate core reduces up to 88% of the shock wave. The results of the experiments and numerical simulations were compared, suggesting a good agreement between the two. This indicates the accuracy of simulation and the ability of the SPH method to modeling granular material under shock loading. The effects of grain size and the coefficient of friction between grains have also been investigated using simulation, implying that increasing the grain size and coefficient of friction between grains both reduce overpressure.     

基于水下脉冲放电的冲击波聚焦实验研究

冲击波的聚焦可以在聚焦区域形成局部较高的压力.基于能产生较强冲击波的水中脉冲放电声源和具有会聚作用的旋转椭球面反射罩建立了水下冲击波聚焦系统,开展了水下冲击波聚焦的实验研究,分析了水下冲击波的聚焦过程.对压力历史、轴线上的压力分布及峰值压力进行了分析,研究了旋转椭球面反射罩的聚焦特性.实验发现聚焦区域会产生负压,并导致局部空化.基于冲击动力学理论对这一现象进行了分析.实验结果表明,水下冲击波聚焦系统具有显著的聚焦效果.     

全隐LU-SGS算法在高超声速热化学非平衡流刚性问题中的应用

在高超声速热化学非平衡流动计算中,当地气体能量松弛时间、化学反应特征时间与流动时间推进步长量级差异过大会带来严重数值刚性问题,且在高雷诺数条件下,壁面、拐角等强干扰区网格加密使得该问题加剧,导致初始最大CFL数极小,收敛速度缓慢.原始LU-SGS算法仅考虑化学反应源项和对流项的隐式处理,通过推导黏性项Jacobian矩...     

坦克柴油机振动检测时提高振动信号信噪比的方法

研究了柴油机振动信号的时域同步平均方法,针对柴油机振动信号的循环波动性特点,提出了按曲轴转角进行角域同步平均的方法,减小循环波动性对信号分析的影响。利用多抽样率分析方法消除了同步平均时柴油机转速波动的影响。通过对坦克柴油机汽缸盖振动信号的处理结果表明,该方法可有效提高信噪比。     

Flow computations past a triangular boattailed projectile

This paper presents a computational study of the air flow past a triangular boattailed projectile. The study shows that there is a single normal shock wave impinges the projectile at transonic speeds. At supersonic speeds, the formed shock waves are smeared compared to a conical boattailed projectile. Also, there is a reduction of the wake region behind the triangular base and the rear stagnation point is nearer to the projectile base resulting in base drag reduction. Moreover, there is an improvement of the stability of the triangular boattailed projectile since a lower overturning moment is incurred.     

Effect of metal powders on explosion of fuel-air explosives with delayed secondary igniters

In order to improve the energy level of fuel air explosive(FAE) with delayed secondary igniters, high energetic metal powders were added to liquid fuels mainly composed of ether and isopropyl nitrate. Metal powders' explosive properties and reaction mechanisms in FAE were studied by high-speed video, pressure test system, and infrared thermal imager. The results show that compared with pure liquid fuels, the shock wave overpressure, maximum surface fireball temperature and high temperature duration of the mixture were significantly increased after adding high energetic metal powder. The overpressure values of the liquid-solid mixture at all measuring points were higher than that of the pure liquid fuels. And the maximum temperature of the fireball was up to 1700 ℃, which was higher than that of the pure liquid fuels. After replacing 30％of aluminum powder with boron or magnesium hydride, the shock wave pressure of the mixture was further increased. The high heat of combustion of boron and the hydrogen released by magnesium hydride could effectively increase the blast effect of the mixture. The improvement of the explosion performance of boron was better than magnesium hydride. It shows that adding high energetic metal powder to liquid fuels can effectively improve the explosion performance of FAE.