激波诱导可燃气体爆燃的数值模拟

运用化学流体力学基本理论 ,建立了一维激波诱导可燃气体爆燃的九化学反应模型 ,完成了CO气体爆燃过程的数值模拟 ,由CO气体密度的变化以及流场中压力和温度的相应变化 ,清楚地说明了激波诱导可燃气体爆燃的发生机制以及对灭火的重要影响     

电磁脉冲对高频结构的热效应分析

对于Cerenkov型器件,由高频结构温升引发的热脱附会造成的射频击穿,进而导致输出功率降低和脉冲缩短。基于此,研究了电磁脉冲对高频结构的加热温升效应,推导了高频结构的温升公式,指出了理论公式的适用范围,并给出了数值求解试件温升的方法。以二周期1 MV·cm^-1的高频结构为例,进行了温升的数值计算和仿真研究。结果表明,脉宽100 ns的单脉冲对不锈钢试件的温升效应明显高于其他材料。当系统工作在高重频时,电磁脉冲的温升作用可能使金属材料达到气体脱附的阈值从而引发气体脱附形成局部高压。该研究可为高功率微波源中的气体脱附以及射频击穿等研究提供参考。     

液体推进剂液滴高压蒸发研究

本文改进了现有的液体推进剂液滴高压蒸发模型,提出了一个计算高压下液滴蒸发时环境介质气体在液滴中溶解的子模型,该模型中采用了改进的R-K气体状态方程。利用本模型对丙烷在氮气中的高压蒸发进行了计算。结果表明在高压下液滴蒸发时间随压力和环境温度的增加而减小,当压力超过某临界值时,液滴将达到超临界状态。高压下环境介质气体在液滴中的溶解是非常明显的,并且压力愈高溶解性愈大,因此在推进剂高压燃烧中必须考虑溶解性对于液滴蒸发的影响。     

氧气鱼雷供氧系统中扰动波的建模与仿真

鱼雷发射时,对高压氧气舱中的氧气起开关作用的启动阀快速开启,从而在启动阀的两端产生激波和膨胀波等两种扰动波.考虑了高压氧气的分子间相互作用力及分子所占体积的影响,采用范德瓦耳斯公式来代替完全气体的状态方程,同时建立了扰动波的数学模型,并推导了气体在接触间断面上的速度计算模型,仿真计算得出激波波阵面上的温度、由膨胀波所引起的低温及其它物理量的数值,为分析氧气鱼雷使用高压氧气的安全性提供了参考数据.     

激波对超声速流中横向射流的影响

为了揭示激波对超声速流中横向射流的影响,在超声速流中利用长9mm、坡度为23°的斜坡产生激波。组合利用高速摄影仪和纹影仪拍摄激波入射在气体和液体射流的不同位置,以及相同位置不同喷注压降时的流场纹影和阴影图像。结果表明,激波对气体和液体横向射流的影响基本相同,都表现为入射激波增强了湍流度,扩大了燃料空间发展区域,增强了与主流的混合,激波入射在射流的前部比射流的后部影响大。     

高超声速气动热化学非平衡效应数值分析研究

通过数值分析研究了化学非平衡效应对气动加热问题的影响.分别以量热完全气体、单组分热完全气体和5组分化学非平衡气体为气体模型,计算了圆柱钝头的绕流流场和壁面热流密度分布,比较并分析了高温化学非平衡效应对流场特性,尤其是气动加热特性的影响.结果分析表明,高温化学非平衡效应可使激波层变薄,激波层内温度大幅下降,从而会严重影响气动热环境特性,是影响高超声速飞行器热防护设计的重要因素.     

具有离解反应的推进剂高压蒸发理论探讨

文中提出了具有液相离解反应的推进剂液滴高压蒸发模型,同时还考虑了燃气中极性气体成份对液滴蒸发的影响,并以N_2O_4推进剂液滴为例分析了具有液相离解反应的推进剂蒸发规律。结果表明,此类推进剂高压蒸发并不服从非液相离解反应推进剂的t_b～(?)。规律。模型的提出为液体火箭发动机燃烧室燃烧过程分析提供了新的液滴蒸发理论数据和计算方法。     

铜排不同端面对流换热系数提取试验方法

为了获得准确的温升模型,开展了在铜排不同端面对流换热系数提取试验。首先,依据传热学相关理论,通过铜排温升试验获得了铜排不同端面的热功率、热传导热量,并运用牛顿冷却公式求解了铜排不同端面的对流换热系数;然后,利用ANSYS有限元软件建立了铜排温升模型,并将计算求解的对流换热系数代入ANSYS仿真模型中,进行了稳态温升计算;最后,将仿真与试验所得的温度分布进行了对比,结果验证了ANSYS仿真模型的准确性和可行性。     

基于激波场张量捕捉的超声速弹丸跟踪

超声速弹丸产生的激波蕴含丰富的运动状态信息。在分析弹丸激波形成机理和建立激波形成前后参数关系的基础上,建立空间张量的激波捕捉三维Euler模型和声信号融合算法,并进行空间谱辨识实验;为实现反演跟踪,结合外场试验背景,提出动态g-h-k滤波跟踪方法,验证激波声场反演跟踪的有效性,为探索弹丸激波场进行弹丸跟踪提供了新方法。     

超声速扩压器中激波串结构的数值模拟

通过求解由BL湍流模型封闭的二维、轴对称及三维雷诺平均N S方程 ,数值模拟了等截面超声速扩压器中由激波 /附面层干扰诱导的复杂流场 ,比较了二维直管、圆截面直管及三维矩形截面直管中的流场特性、激波串长度及压强恢复程度。在来流马赫数为 3 0的二维直管计算中 ,采用四步Runge Kutta显式方法数值仿真了激波串自激振荡过程 ,并与实验结果作了对比分析     

大功率柴油机喷油提前角对缸内燃烧过程的影响

针对某型大功率柴油机,采用试验和计算流体力学（CFD）仿真相结合的方法,研究了大功率柴油机在不同喷油提前角下的燃烧特性,着重分析了缸内最大爆发压力、峰值角、最大压力升高率、燃烧始点等参数的变化趋势,同时对缸内速度场、燃空当量比分布和温度场的变化进行研究,得出喷油提前角的变化对预混合滞燃期的改变是影响柴油机燃烧过程的主要因素,随着喷油提前角的增大,滞燃期内可燃混合气增多,缸内最大爆发压力、最大压力升高率和缸内最高温度随之升高。     

多孔材料药型罩聚能射流的形成条件

依据Herrmann状态方程和斜冲击波关系估算了多孔材料药型罩压垮之前的冲击温升,求解了经过冲击压缩卸载后材料的声速。给出了多孔材料药型罩聚能射流的形成条件。初始冲击温升会使材料的声速和强度降低,从而使多孔材料聚能射流形成射流的高速和低速条件降低。     

Effect of metal powders on explosion of fuel-air explosives with delayed secondary igniters

In order to improve the energy level of fuel air explosive(FAE) with delayed secondary igniters, high energetic metal powders were added to liquid fuels mainly composed of ether and isopropyl nitrate. Metal powders' explosive properties and reaction mechanisms in FAE were studied by high-speed video, pressure test system, and infrared thermal imager. The results show that compared with pure liquid fuels, the shock wave overpressure, maximum surface fireball temperature and high temperature duration of the mixture were significantly increased after adding high energetic metal powder. The overpressure values of the liquid-solid mixture at all measuring points were higher than that of the pure liquid fuels. And the maximum temperature of the fireball was up to 1700 ℃, which was higher than that of the pure liquid fuels. After replacing 30％of aluminum powder with boron or magnesium hydride, the shock wave pressure of the mixture was further increased. The high heat of combustion of boron and the hydrogen released by magnesium hydride could effectively increase the blast effect of the mixture. The improvement of the explosion performance of boron was better than magnesium hydride. It shows that adding high energetic metal powder to liquid fuels can effectively improve the explosion performance of FAE.     

炸药冲击波激励工作气体产生可见光的辐射机理研究

研究炸药冲击波激励工作气体的辐射问题。通过理论分析 ,给出气体冲击波波阵面的数学模型。提出了高温环境下工作气体产生可见光的辐射机理 ,最后提出在冲击波作用下提高气体辐射强度的方法。     

Modeling of the whole process of shock wave overpressure of free-field air explosion

The waveform of the explosion shock wave under free-field air explosion is an extremely complex problem. It is generally considered that the waveform consists of overpressure peak, positive pressure zone and negative pressure zone. Most of current practice usually considers only the positive pressure. Many empirical relations are available to predict overpressure peak, the positive pressure action time and pressure decay law. However, there are few models that can predict the whole waveform. The whole process of explosion shock wave overpressure, which was expressed as the product of the three factor functions of peak, attenuation and oscillation, was proposed in the present work. According to the principle of explosion similarity, the scaled parameters were introduced and the empirical formula was absorbed to form a mathematical model of shock wave overpressure. Parametric numerical simulations of free-field air explosions were conducted. By experimental verification of the AUTODYN numerical method and comparing the analytical and simulated curves, the model is proved to be accurate to calculate the shock wave overpressure under free-field air explosion. In addition, through the model the shock wave overpressure at different time and distance can be displayed in three dimensions. The model makes the time needed for theoretical calculation much less than that for numerical simulation.     

原始变量守恒形式控制方程的时间准确性分析

基于压力、速度和温度的原始变量为自变量的守恒形式的控制方程可应用于定常流动问题，但是在求解非定常问题，例如某一典型激波管问题时，激波后温度出现过冲现象，即使通过细化网格、提高空间格式精度或者换用其他通量格式仍不能消除，这表明误差可能来自该方法本身。采用一维Euler方程对该方法进行数值分析。分析结果表明，数值误差来自时间项。通过构造相应的双时间步方程，虚拟时间项采用原始变量，而物理时间项采用守恒变量，并在两个相邻物理时间步内作为定常问题求解，可以收敛到相应的守恒形式，消除上述误差，得到准确的非定常数值解。     

金属冲击温度的测量研究

文中介绍了冲击温度的多波长光谱辐射测量方法。利用光学高温计测量了４５号钢在２３０ＧＰａ左右的冲击压力下的冲击温度值,对所测得的结果进行了比较和分析。     

National security,military spending and the business cycle

This paper develops a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model where national security is an argument in the agent’s utility function and the government chooses optimally the level of military spending to maximize social welfare. National defense depends on military expenditure and on the strategic environment reflecting a potential hostile external threat. We use aggregate data on consumption, investment, and military spending for the US economy to estimate the parameters of the model. Estimation results suggest that consumption and national defense are complements and that military spending variability is mainly explained by external threat shocks although it also depends on the macroeconomic conditions. We compute impulse response functions of the main macroeconomic variables to several shocks: a total factor productivity shock, a defense technology shock, and a strategic environment shock. Surprisingly, we find that the optimal response to an increase in the external threat (a worsening in the strategic environment) will rise output by reducing consumption and increasing investment.     

高超声速气流中头锥逆喷防热流热耦合分析

作为一种主动冷却方式,逆向喷流结构对高超声速飞行器的热防护具有显著效果.为了对头锥逆喷的防热特性进行准确预测,采用流热耦合方法,对6马赫下的头锥逆喷结构的流动和传热进行数值研究.通过数值计算和实验对比,验证了湍流模型和流热耦合算法的准确性,获得了不同逆喷总压比下的流动特性,并且对不同逆喷总压比对流动和传热的影响进行了分...