飞行器突发威胁下的智能自主航路规划技术

为了解决突发威胁情况下无人作战飞行器的智能自主航路规划问题,应用变结构自适应参数离散动态贝叶斯网络进行突发威胁时飞行器的突防方向进行选择,给出了模型的建立方法和参数的自适应产生方法,并将类爬山快速搜索算法应用于飞行器改变飞行路径的情况下的实时航路规划,并进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,该方法能够满足飞行器突发威胁下的实时规避威胁和实时航路重规划的要求。     

飞行器低空突防威胁建模与航迹优化算法

提出了一种飞行器在给定地形和威胁分布的威胁场进行低空突防的航迹优化算法。该方法首先对地形的高程栅格数据进行了图形简化预处理,将各种威胁叠加到地形图上,构成一个包含各种威胁的特定威胁场,再对其建立合理的有向图数学建模,用Dijkstra最短路算法进行航迹优化。航迹优化的过程中考虑了飞行器的过载限制,使优化航迹能够较好地满足飞行器各项性能指标及任务规划的要求,仿真结果显示,该算法简单快速,能很好地进行地形、威胁、障碍物的回避。     

飞行器突防航路规划与目标选择研究

复杂环境下的中低空飞行器航路规划和目标选择问题近年来受到了越来越多的关注.根据地面威胁分布情况,将飞行空域进行网格化处理,划设常规空域与威胁空域,并基于空间搜索算法规划中低空飞行器的飞行航路.为分析地面威胁目标在飞行器突防过程中的重要程度,通过节点移除法求解不同目标破击后带来的飞行代价变化.将飞行器突防过程中的航路规划与目标选择有机结合,为任务驱动的关键目标选择排序研究提供了有价值的参考.     

临近空间中子环境及其探测

在临近空间辐射环境的诸多因素中,中子对飞行器的安全、可靠运行以及人员健康的威胁最为严重。文章介绍了临近空间中子的来源及其对飞行器和人体的危害,指出临近空间中子探测研究的重要意义,简要阐述了临近空间中子探测的原理与方法,最后探讨了临近空间中子探测领域所涉及的几个关键问题。     

考虑飞行器RCS分布的航迹规划

提出飞行器根据自身RCS分布特征,在雷达威胁完全覆盖防区时进行突防的三维航迹规划方法.将飞行器在三维空间中的运动分解为水平平面和垂直平面内的运动,简化飞行器RCS分布特征为蝴蝶结形分布,根据雷达探测目标信噪比大小提出多威胁情况下快速判断最具威胁雷达的方法,采用启发式A*算法得到突防航迹.最后对比分析采用固定RCS和分布RCS的飞行器所得突防航迹,结果表明采用分布RCS的航迹安全性更高.     

无人驾驶飞行器是严重的空中威胁

无人驾驶飞行器的作战应用受到各国广泛重视,已成为一种重要的空中威胁。综述了无人飞行器的作战应用、分类,外国已装备和正在开发的无人飞行器,无人飞行器的发展趋势,以及对方的搜索、发现、跟踪和拦截手段。     

对抗低空飞行器威胁的雷达对策及发展趋势

文章以低空和超低空飞行器的技术现状、特征及对防空雷达的威胁为前提,主要论述低空补盲雷达、机载预警雷达、气球载警戒雷达的低空探测性能及对抗低空和超低空飞行器威胁的技术措施和发展趋势。     

改进Dijkstra算法在雷达突防中的应用

飞行器雷达突防是现代战争中自我保护的重要手段.综合考虑了雷达威胁和航程的影响,建立了关于雷达威胁模型和航程的代价函数.针对传统的Dijkstra算法搜索空间大,搜索效率低的问题,进行了改进,并考虑飞行器的偏航角约束,提出了基于栅格的Dijkstra算法.对简单雷达突防和复杂雷达突防进行了仿真验证.仿真结果表明:该算法不仅能较好地回避雷达威胁,而且较好地提高了搜索速度.     

空天飞行器跳跃巡航目标特性仿真分析

基于空天飞行器、高超声速巡航导弹以及高超声速再入滑翔导弹等临近空间高超声速目标的巨大威胁,以及文献中较少针对这些飞行器的目标特性开展研究的实际,在介绍空天飞行器相关概念的基础上,根据跳跃巡航段不同的受力情况以某种典型飞行器为例分阶段建立运动模型,仿真分析了升阻比和初始航迹倾角对巡航轨迹特性的影响效果,为后续对高超声速飞行器运动建模和目标特性的研究提供了一定的参考。     

面向机动威胁单目标定性微分对策的航路重规划

航迹规划是飞行器规划系统的一个重要子任务.针对具有主动性而非纯粹动态的敌方威胁类型,以单目标定性微分对策解决航路的动态重规划问题.在假设对静态威胁的参考航迹和安全走廊已预规划确定基础上,构建了基于单目标定性微分对策面向主动威胁安全走廊内飞行器航路对策的数学模型,并对航路的单目标定性微分对策系统进行了求解.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.