压剪加载下炸药装药中剪切带形成与发展模型

研究了在压剪加载下炸药这类粘塑性介质中剪切带的形成与发展。提出了一种反映炸药装药中剪切带形成和发展的计算方法,并分析了剪切带发展变化特性与炸药起爆的关系     

炸药动态起爆对舰船上下邻舱结构的毁伤效应研究

为研究炸药动态起爆对小型作战舰艇相邻舱室的破坏效应,首先采用LS-DYNA有限元软件,分析了装药在下舱静态起爆时对邻舱的毁伤形式;然后,计算了装药在动态起爆和静态起爆时舱壁的飞散速度和舱内的冲击波超压值差异;最后,计算了不同质量装药在动态起爆时对组合舱室的毁伤情况。结果表明:炸药在下舱内爆时,上舱舱壁受到下舱顶板变形发生挤压变形,主要变形区域位于顶板处;运动装药相比静态装药对速度正方向舱室的毁伤效果明显提高,且速度正方向舱壁焊接处破裂位置发生了改变,上舱舱壁出现了更大形变;装药质量的改变可影响舱室率先破坏的位置,从而间接影响到对邻舱的破坏形式。     

石英晶体测试实验中干扰的消除

Ｙ－切石英晶体的各向异性物理特性,使它在正碰撞或平面冲击波作用条件下能产生压剪波的传播,为实现对材料的压剪加载实验研究提供了条件。由于石英晶体的压电效应,国外采用了ＶＩＳＡＲ技术进行测试。在我们的工作中,首次尝试用锰铜压阻法和电磁质速测量法进行测试。压电效应造成了明显的干扰,妨碍信号的获取。实验中用磁控溅射方法将石英晶体表面镀银层约１μｍ,达到了中和极化电荷、屏蔽极化电场的目的,比较成功地消除了压电干扰,获得了有效的测试信号。     

浅论弹药分次压药分层缺陷及解决方法

本文对装药所产生分层瑕疵进行概念定义,对装药分层问题产生的内外原因进行了分析,并通过分析装药在加载条件下的流变学规律,结合装药弹体药室形状及分次压装特点,对压装的方式、方法、冲头形状对装药质量的影响进行了研究,提出了解决装药分层问题的方法。     

典型炸药爆炸过程中电磁辐射特性分析

设计了一套基于短波全向天线、超宽带全向天线的电磁辐射测量装置,对不同质量TNT爆炸产生的电磁辐射进行测量,通过数据处理得到电磁辐射特性。结果表明,炸药质量对爆炸产生的电磁辐射时域特性有显著影响,质量越大,电磁信号延迟响应越短,持续时间越长,峰值出现时间越早。60 kg TNT爆炸产生的电磁辐射信号频率主要集中在100 MHz以下,在0~50 MHz频段能量最集中,炸药成分对频谱分布的影响最大,不同成分的炸药爆炸产生的电磁辐射频谱分布有明显特异性。炸药爆炸产生的电磁辐射强度呈现与爆心距离较强的相关性,随着距离增大而递减,且递减幅度较大。装药构型和起爆方式会使炸药在爆炸过程中的几何运动模式发生变化,导致爆炸电磁辐射传播呈现非均匀性特征。     

材料压剪加载的实验测试

利用Ｙ—切石英晶体的各向异性动态响应材料特性,实现对粘接在石英晶体后表面的材料试件的一维平面复合压缩剪切加载。用电磁质速法测试试件中不同位置上的质点在压剪加载下的运动情况。从处于粘接界面上的量计所测纵向质速史和横向质速史,可以看到压剪波传入试件中的清晰的两波（ＱＬ波,ＱＴ波）结构,与理论估计基本相符;其它位置上量计的测试曲线亦反映了材料对压剪波传播的动态响应特点,可以看到剪切波的衰减规律。     

起爆位置对爆炸作用影响的研究

本文用非线性动力学有限元方法分析不同起爆位置条件下,圆柱形装药爆炸时壳体的动力学响应。文章是在文献［２］的基础上,进一步分析计算端面两点对称起爆和端面两点偏心起爆的爆炸作用结果,并用比较的方法阐述起爆位置对爆炸作用动力学的影响。对计算结果的分析表明,起爆位置对爆炸作用有显著的影响。     

航空轮胎用橡胶弹性体Mullins效应动态加载方法

航空轮胎用橡胶弹性体在服役过程中遭受严苛的动态循环工况。为了研究弹性体在此工况下的力学响应特征和损伤机理,提出基于应力波作用的Mullins效应动态加载实验方法。根据应力波传导与作用特征,采用Hopkinson压杆加载思路,设计和配置了各单元尺寸参数,进而搭建可用于橡胶弹性体材料动态循环加载的实验系统,并开展了航空轮胎用丁苯橡胶的动态循环加载试验。基于试验信号分析发现：加载系统实现了弹性体材料Mullins效应动态应变递增的试验加载。最后开展加载测试参数的影响因素分析,结果表明通过优化系统各单元可实现Mullins效应的动态加、卸载参数的控制。     

分步压装高能混合炸药在战斗部装药中的应用研究

本文通过对目前常用的几种战斗部装药方法进行对比分析，提出了分步压装药技术应用在现代战斗部装药中的重要性和必要性，对分步压装药工艺以及各项工艺参数进行了深入的研究，得出螺杆直径、装药弹体直径、装药压力等参数和装药密度之间的关系，并通过实际应用对装药的密度和质量进行了检测分析，本文还对分步压装药工艺装填高威力混合炸药的安全性进行了评估，最终得出了分步压装药技术可以在战斗部装药中推广应用的结论。     

关于小尺寸装药用炸药薄膜的研究

利用真空蒸镀技术对太安炸药薄膜及其在小尺寸装药上的应用进行了研究。实验表明利用真空蒸镀技术可以研制出性能优良的炸药薄膜 ;红外光谱分析证明太安在蒸镀前后没有发生质的变化 ;扫描电镜分析得出了太安薄膜的微观结构 ;太安炸药薄膜在小尺寸装药上的应用表明了该装药具有可靠的传爆功能。     

Experimental study on explosion dispersion process of a multi-layer composite charge under different initiation modes

The influence of initiation modes on the explosive dispersion process of the multi-layer composite charge (MCC) was studied. Overpressure sensors and high-speed photography system were used to investigate the energy release process of an MCC with a specific structure. The shock wave pressure and explosive dispersion characteristics of the MCC under different initiation modes were compared. The forming and expanding process of the shock wave of the composite charge under different initiation modes was determined. The separation position of the shock wave and fireball interface was determined. The calculation formulas of the shock radius and overpressure of the composite charge are presented. The radius of the shock wave of the composite charge was significantly affected by the initiation mode. Moreover, the development process of the composite explosive fireball under different initiation modes was analyzed, the variation rules of the composite charge dispersion radius and fireball dispersion velocity with time were obtained under the different initiation modes, the explosion energy release rate of composite charge under simultaneous initiation modes was the highest, and the peak overpressure under the simultaneous initiation mode was 1.61 times that of central single-point initiation.     

飞行器点火爆炸通用测量装置的设计

针对飞行器试验用点火器的通用测量装置,提出了一种柱形爆炸容器的设计方法,从容器壁厚、反射超压、应用材料、容器结构以及点火器爆炸当量等方面进行考虑,计算柱形爆炸容器的压力瞬间载荷,并利用COSMOS Works软件进行应力仿真,最后通过实际飞行试验环节进行验证,回收采集系统所记录的试验数据并间接分析出点火器的工作状态,结果表明:试验结果和理论分析完全吻合,容器设计合理,从而为飞行器研制试验用点火器驱动动力装置提供必要的数据参考和支撑。     

Prediction of concentration of toxic gases produced by detonation of commercial explosives by thermochemical equilibrium calculations

An adverse effect resulting from explosive mine blasts is the production of toxic nitrogen oxides (NO and NO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO). The empirical measurements of the concentration of toxic gases showed that it depends not only on the composition of an explosive and properties of its ingredients but also on several other parameters, such as volume of blasting chamber, explosive charge mass and design, confinement characteristics, surrounding atmosphere, etc. That explains why measured concentrations of toxic gases reported in literature significantly differ.In this paper, we discuss the possibility of theoretical prediction of the concentration of toxic gases by thermochemical equilibrium calculation applying two models: ideal detonation model and deflagration model. It can be demonstrated that thermochemical calculations can provide a good estimation of the measured concentrations and reproduce experimentally obtained effects of additives on the production of toxic gases. It was also found that the ideal detonation model applies to heavily confined explosive charges, while the deflagration model is more suitable for low detonation velocity explosives with light confinement.     

Research on the fracture behavior of PBX under static tension

The fracture behavior of polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) seriously affects the safety and reliability of weapon system. The effects of interface debonding and initial meso-damage on the fracture behavior of PBX under quasi-static tension are studied using numerical method. A two-dimensional representative volume element (RVE) is established based on Voronoi model in which the component contents could be regulated and the particles are randomly distributed. A nonlinear damage model of polymer matrix relative to matrix depth between particles is constructed. The results show that the simulated strain-stress relation is coincident with experiment data. It is found that interface debonding leads to the nucleation and propagation of meso-cracks, and a main crack approximately perpendicular to the loading direction is generated finally. The interface debonding tends to occur in the interface perpendicular to the loading direction. There seems to be a phenomenon that strain softening and hardening alternatively appear around peak stress of stress and strain curve. It is shown that the initial damages of intragranular and interfacial cracks both decrease the modulus and failure stress, and the main crack tends to propagate toward the initial meso-cracks.     

UHMWPE复合材料抗爆实验研究

运用定制的聚偏四氟乙烯(PVDF)压电传感器,直接测量爆炸载荷下UHMWPE层叠无纬布和PU基体的UHMWPE复合材料内部冲击波压力峰值,对其冲击波衰减特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:UHMWPE复合材料对爆炸冲击波有很好的衰减作用,含有PU基体的UHMWPE复合材料比UHMWPE层叠无纬布对爆炸冲击波有更好的衰减效果。UHMWPE复合材料具有轻质、吸收冲击波效率高等特性,在爆炸冲击波防护领域有很好的应用前景。     

火箭深弹拦截鱼雷方法及作战过程

根据目前火箭深弹武器系统现状,应用模糊数学理论,提出水面舰艇拦截鱼雷射击参数的计算思路和拦截鱼雷射击组合方案,并据此首次提出使用火箭深弹拦截鱼雷作战过程及其方法,对武器装备的发展和新功能的开发研究,特别是对提高防御水下目标的生存概率,具有十分重要的指导意义.     

采用扩展有限元法的线式爆炸分离装置裂纹扩展分析

为了提高线式爆炸分离装置的安全性,本研究基于扩展有限元法,通过创建二维和三维动态裂纹扩展模型,探索了线式爆炸分离装置在爆轰波作用过程中的动态裂纹扩展和止裂机理。研究表明,分离壳体的裂纹扩展路径独立于裂纹初始角度;不考虑载荷时序时,二维和三维动态裂纹扩展的主方向分别沿着分离壳体的径向和环向;考虑载荷时序时,受不同区域应力波的联合作用,三维裂纹沿环向扩展的同时会沿着轴向扩展,但裂纹的扩展均不会影响到止裂槽以外的结构。所提方法和相应结论可为线式爆炸分离装置设计提供参考。     

Study of simple plane wave generator with an air-metal barrier

Plane wave generators (PWGs) are used to accelerate flyer plates to high velocities with their generated plane waves, which are widely used in the test of dynamic properties of materials. The traditional PWG is composed of two explosives with different detonation velocities. It is difficult to implement the related fabrication processes and control the generated waves due to its complicated structures. A simple plane wave generator is presented in this paper, which is composed of two identical cylindrical high explosive (HE) charges and an air-metal barrier. A theoretical model was established based on two different paths of the propagation of detonation waves, based on which the size of air-metal barrier was calculated for a given charge. The corresponding numerical simulations were also carried out by AUTODYN-2D^® based on the calculated results, which were used to compare with the theoretical calculations. A detonation wave with a flatness of 0.039 μs within the range of 70-percent diameter of the main charge was obtained through the simulations.     

位移不连续法在裂纹扩展仿真中的应用

探讨了在应用位移不连续法仿真裂纹扩展时对加载方式、裂纹扩展长度及应力强度因子计算等问题的处理方法,并据此编制了仿真程序,分析了裂纹在单向压载作用下的扩展趋势和应力变化,具有一定的工程应用价值。