现代潜艇的居住性

现代潜艇是一个庞大而又复杂的综合作战系统,一艘潜艇上从事各种专业分工的艇员人数常常多达数十人甚至上百人。潜艇处于水下航行状态时,艇内成为一个与外界大气环境完全隔绝的密闭空间。特别是当潜艇进行长时间的水下航行时,艇内的氧气逐渐损耗,二氧化     

现代潜艇的基本结构(一) ——艇体的基本结构

潜艇为什么既能在水面航行,又能下潜到水下的一定深度并且能在水下保持长时间的潜航状态呢?要想解开这个谜,就应从了解潜艇的结构形式和潜艇所具有的结构强度开始。现代潜艇的艇体基本上是由耐压结构和轻型结构两部分组成。耐压结构包括耐压艇体、耐压指挥台以及耐压液舱等,是保证潜艇在安全深度之内能够从事水下运行的基本结构。轻型结构包括潜艇的指挥台围壳、上层建筑以及一些液舱等。轻型结构又进一步分为非耐压     

更静、更快、更深德国214型潜艇

德国是世界上最早使用潜艇的国家之一,在世界潜艇发展史中占有重要的地位,其U型潜艇在两次世界大战中战功显赫、闻名于世。二战结束前,德国开创性地在ⅩⅪ型潜艇上采用流线形艇体和使用水下通气管,首次实现了潜艇水下航速超过水面航速,使潜艇在潜望深度即可使用柴油机航行,大大提高了潜艇的隐蔽性,成为潜艇发展史上的一个里程碑。二战后,由于国际公约限制德     

法国开发大型常规动力潜艇

作为法国国有舰船制造和系统开发公司的DCNS集团已经投资进行了一系列的旨在通过增加潜艇水下续航能力、隐蔽ISR能力和整合无人水下艇来提高潜艇作战性能的项目。名为SMX-Océan的潜艇概念设计运用了DCNS集团的各种设计资源,构思的大型常规潜艇能够部署大量的武器系统,并且能够航行相当远的距离。SMX-Océan潜艇所包含的一系列潜艇平台创新和系统技术能够提高常规动力潜艇的作战性能和安全性。     

亲历水下极限脱险

当潜艇发生海难,不能自行浮至水面,也无力自救时,艇内人员就要从潜艇专用的装置内逃出水面,这就是潜艇艇员水下脱险。失事艇艇员在实施水下脱险时,时刻面临着生与死的考验。脱险艇员的动作失误、使用的呼吸器发生故障、协助脱险人员的动作有偏差等等,都与脱险人员的生命相连。可以这样讲,一旦潜艇在水下失事,对于无脱险技能的人员而言,水下脱险通道无异于死亡通道。因此,练就过硬的脱险技能是每个潜艇艇员的必修课,本文作者全过程参加水下脱险实兵演习,以其真实的水下脱险经历,向读者展示人民海军进行脱险救生训练方面的精神风貌。     

“33”型潜艇实体仿真模型的制作

“33”型潜艇是前苏联于50年代后期设计并建造的常规动力(柴油机、电动机)中型鱼雷攻击型潜艇。为了适合在水下航行,它的整个艇体呈流线型。在艇首的下部有一个十分突出的球形综合导流罩。在艇首的两侧各有三个鱼雷发射管的出口,当发射鱼雷前,出口处的防波板会自动收缩到里面,鱼雷射出后再自动恢复原状。艇首的上部也呈球状流线型,那是潜艇水     

潜艇知识问答（作战训练篇）

1.潜艇在水下航行时，是如何发现水下障碍物的？ 答：潜艇水下航行时，对水下目标的探测主要靠潜艇声纳实现对周围物体的探测，即声纳通过接收水下目标发出声波或接收目标反射声纳本发射的声波来确定目标的方位、距离，从而达到对海底状况的观察。声纳分被动声纳和主动声纳两种，被动声纳通过接收水中目标发出的声波来探测目标，     

“巴克利”号驱逐舰Vs U66潜艇

1944年1月16日,德国海军格奥哈特中尉指挥的U66号U型潜艇从位于比斯开湾的法国洛里昂出航,开往西非沿岸的弗里敦至几内亚湾海域执行任务。U66号潜艇是一艘远洋ⅨC型攻击潜艇,1941年1月建成服役,水下排水量1232吨。由于在建造时它的艇体长度大幅增加,艇上燃料柜容量得到较大的提升,可储备燃油高达208吨。因此,其续航力也加大了,当在水面以10节速度航行时,其航程为13450海里。     

咨询园地

Q吉林读者李佰霖问潜艇是如何进行电池充电的? 潜艇对蓄电池充电的方式大体上分为水面状态充电、通气管航行状态充电以及利用艇外电源充电这三种方式。水面状态充电,指的是潜艇处于锚泊状态或者停靠在码头边上时对艇上的蓄电池进行充电。此时潜艇处于非航行状态,艇上的柴油机运行,带动艇上的发电机运转,把产生的电能充注到蓄电池中。通气管航行状态充电指的是,潜     

AIP潜艇性能大比拼

自上个世纪90年代中期 AIP 技术进入实用化以来,常规潜艇便走上了再生和复兴之路。众所周知,传统常规潜艇(也称柴一电潜艇)是靠蓄电池供电和电机推进的,艇上装有柴油发电机,当电池放电将尽时,潜艇需要上浮至海面或升至通气管状态,由柴油机发电为蓄电池充电,然而此时潜艇易暴露并遭致攻击。AIP 技术,即不依赖空气推进技术,是解决这一问题的关键技术,它可使潜艇无需借助外界空气,能够在水下长时间航行或停     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.