弹性贮液圆柱壳的动力特性分析

文中论述了一种贮液圆柱壳动力特性的分析计算方法,分析了弹性壳和液体之间的相互耦合作用。假设贮液满足速度势理论,对于圆柱空壳采用有限元法计算其动能和应变能。采用这种方法,节点未知数数目远小于壳体和液体部分都采用有限元法时的节点未知数数目。     

基于内角流动的板式表面张力贮箱内推进剂流动过程研究

分析了在微重力环境下,板式表面张力贮箱内推进剂的流动和定位过程.利用VOF方法对贮箱内推进剂的重定位过程进行了仿真计算,验证了贮箱及PMD的推进剂管理性能.用数学方法分析了液体在导流板的内角流动,用解析计算的方法求出流动过程中液面的长度,并和仿真计算结果进行了对比.因为实际的贮箱模型比较复杂,仿真计算结果和理论计算结果存在一定的误差,但其流动趋势保持一致.本文的工作能够为内角流动的研究提供有益的参考.     

铝制贮箱箱底初步断裂分析

本报告应用断裂力学方法,对铝合金贮箱箱底进行了初步的分析。应力计算主要考虑了箱底在内压作用下的薄膜应力和由边缘效应引起的弯曲应力以及假定的焊接残余应力。断裂分析包括对表面裂纹临界尺寸的线弹性和弹塑性计算,给出了母材和焊缝处的临界裂纹尺寸;确定了加载20次到201次时所允许的最大初始裂纹尺寸。对一维和二维裂纹扩展模型进行了比较,指明二维扩展模型更为合理。最后对验证实验以及超声波检查配合使用进行了简单的讨论。给出了在本文条件下,贮箱箱底的无损检验标准和确定验证试验的方案。     

固体运载器姿态控制系统自适应滤波器设计

采用大长细比、轻结构质量设计方案的固体运载器结构刚度较小,姿态控制系统设计需要考虑弹性振动的影响。设计了自适应滤波器实现对箭体弹性振动信号的抑制:将滤波器参数自适应问题转化为系统参数辨识问题,通过Steiglitz-McBride参数辨识方法求解,该方法具有计算复杂性低、收敛迅速等特点,适用于箭上计算机实时计算。通过闭环仿真表明,在箭体弹性频率发生变化的条件下,具有自适应滤波器的控制系统能够跟踪这种变化,有效抑制振动信号对控制器的影响,保持运载器姿态运动稳定。     

弹性支承体偶合振型的分析

为了减少机械设备的振动力传递到底座上去,通常采用弹性支承的办法进行隔振。在单自由度系统,隔振容易实现,但在实际情况下,弹性支承体的运动,都是多自由度,而且运动的位移和转动都是偶合的,因此运动比较复杂。本文藉用广义坐标使偶合系统的计算简单化,使一些问题,可以用简单的计算方法得出位移近似值。在实际装置中,弹性支承的电传动压缩机组,选用减振座时一般做法是选用较大的干扰振动频率与自振频率比值,这样,弹簧就选择比较软。但是在启动的过渡过程时,瞬时最大位移值往往需     

弹性支承梁固有频率影响因素研究

通过将折叠舵简化为梁模型来研究一种典型结构折叠舵频率的影响因素。对于梁内出现的弹性支承情形,采用了以分段表示的运动微分方程、简支和自由边界条件以及弹性支承处连续性条件来描述。根据梁的振动的基本方程,推导出弹性支承弯曲振动梁的频率方程的解析表达式,并利用数值方法计算出在不同条件下弯曲振动梁的频率,研究弹簧刚度,有效比刚度,以及支承点位置对固有频率的影响。     

采用钢丝加强的气囊式声学覆盖层的减振降噪效果

为降低加肋圆柱壳受内部力激励时的振动与辐射噪声,在其外表面整体敷设了气囊式声学覆盖层。气囊式声学覆盖层由内外层橡胶蒙皮与内部充入的气体组成,并在外层蒙皮中嵌入环形或螺旋形钢丝。在此基础上,将外层蒙皮简化为一维无限长障板,采用理论方法研究了该障板的声传播特性,并采用附加质量与附加阻尼的有限元耦合边界元算法计算了敷设气囊式声学覆盖层的加肋圆柱壳的水下振动与辐射噪声,结果表明:采用钢丝加强的气囊式声学覆盖层可以有效降低加肋圆柱壳的振动与辐射噪声。静力学计算表明:增加钢丝的数量和钢丝直径可以更有效地增加外层蒙皮的刚度。     

舰船尾部振动的水弹性模型

采用三维水弹性理论导出了舰船尾部振动的流固耦合运动方程式;用三维结构混合有限元和三维流体边界元建立了舰船尾部振动的水弹性分析离散模型．提出了中型水面舰艇尾部整体振动的预报方法;编制了相应的计算机程序．对两型舰艇的尾部振动进行了分析计算,结果表明,预报值与实测值比较吻合．研究结果可对中型水面舰艇的减振降噪设计提供预报手段,从而改善舰船的尾部振动环境．     

质量分布对水下结构振动声辐射影响研究

为研究质量分布对水下结构振动声辐射的影响,建立了双层加肋圆柱壳体结构,利用三维水弹性声学理论及分析软件,分别计算并比较了内部质量分布于铺板、内壳、外壳和舱壁等不同结构时不同位置激励下壳体结构的声源级曲线。结果表明:质量分布对内壳激励下水下结构的振动声辐射影响较小,对铺板及舱壁激励下结构的声辐射影响较大;舱壁激励下壳体的总声级最小,在潜艇设计建造中可以考虑将某些机械设备悬挂安装于舱壁上以实现振动噪声的控制。     

轴承装配误差及预紧量对导引头伺服机构谐振频率影响与分析

为了在精密装调过程中对导引头伺服机构的动态特性进行准确预测,采用理论建模的方法确定了轴承微量装配参数与伺服机构谐振频率的定量关系。基于Hertz接触理论,建立5自由度轴承刚度模型,并将微量装配误差对轴承刚度矩阵的影响进行建模和分析;采用Timoshenko梁理论推导弹性阶梯轴单元矩阵,并确定系统特征值和特征向量的求解方法;采用MATLAB/GUI建立伺服机构谐振频率分析系统,并搭建实验系统对理论模型进行验证。分析和实验结果表明,所建立的分析方法可以对轴承的微量装配误差引起的谐振频率变化进行比较准确的计算,解决了目前伺服机构精密装调过程中动态特性预测的难题。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

物理学中的辩证自然观——控制、信息、系统与辩证自然观

和谐律、守恒律、方向律是自然辩证法中自然观的三大规律,它们贯穿、融合并体现于各具体学科的研究领域中。本文主要以自然辨证规律在控制与系统科学中的体现为依托,系统阐述物理学中控制系统理论与信息理论及其应用中自然观三大规律的具体表现。     

The practice and theory of British counterinsurgency: the histories of the atrocities at the Palestinian villages of al-Bassa and Halhul, 1938–1939

This article details two largely unreported atrocities by British forces operating against Arab rebels during the Arab revolt, 1936–9, at the Palestinian villages of al-Bassa and Halhul. It then examines the military-legal system that underpinned and authorised British military forces operating in aid of the civil power, suggesting that the law in place at the time allowed for a level of reprisals and punitive actions, such as happened at al-Bassa and Halhul. The article does not conclude that the law allowed for atrocities but it does argue that it gave a basic form and understanding to an operational method that was brutal and could lead to atrocities. It thus tests the idea in much of the literature on counterinsurgency that the British were restrained and used minimum force when compared to other colonial and neo-colonial powers fighting insurgents.     

Into the black box? Technology sharing in major arms transfers and beyond

From the recipients’ perspective, arms transfers have, through the use of offsets, technology transfers, and industrial participation, become an opportunity to receive not only advanced weapons, but also technologies not otherwise available. How important are friendly relations for securing a military export order? To what extent do buyers demand advanced military or commercial technology and how are these demands accepted by the supplier? How does this influence smaller producers in relation to major producers? These questions are addressed by studying (a) the Joint Strike Fighter/F-35 by Lockheed Martin, USA, and the JAS-39 Gripen aircraft by Saab, Sweden, (b) the Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft competition in India for 126 combat aircraft, and (c) the Indian offset policy. In the final section, some long-term consequences are discussed.     

A Muslim by any other name

Abstract

A crisis is emerging in the Nile Basin, where some 300 million people in Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania and Burundi rely on the Nile directly or indirectly. Egypt and Sudan wish to preserve a regime based on treaties drawn up during the colonial era that allocated the vast majority of the Nile's water to them. Countries upstream are determined to challenge this. In 1999 the countries using the river formed the Nile Basin Initiative to try to resolve these differences. More than a decade of negotiations failed to break the impasse. In May Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda decided to wait no longer and signed a new treaty, without the consent of Egypt and Sudan. The signatories have given the other Nile Basin countries one year to join the pact. For Egypt, which relies on the Nile for 95 per cent of its water, this is a question of life or death. Egypt has, in the past, indicated it will go to war if its share of the Nile is reduced. Talks continue, but the impasse is driving the region towards a crisis to which there is no easy resolution.     

爆炸冲击波对靶板的损伤仿真与评估研究

为了研究爆炸冲击波对武器装备的损伤，建立了炸药爆炸冲击靶板的有限元模型，对不同厚度靶板在确定爆炸冲击环境下的损伤进行了仿真试验。不同于传统的宏观破口尺寸损伤表征参数，引入了等效塑性应变来精确描述靶板损伤，并提出了一种基于主成分分析理论对靶板损伤进行评估的方法。结果表明：利用该方法所得到的计算结果与理论分析结果完全一致。这说明基于多元统计分析的靶板损伤评估方法是切实可行的，可以进一步应用于装备爆炸损伤评估与易损性研究中。     

静电放电抗扰度试验中辐射场若干特性的试验研究

国际标准IEc61000-4—2中对静电放电抗扰度试验方法和试验布局进行了规定，但是对间接静电放电（ESD）产生的辐射场没有进行描述。根据标准IEc61000—4—2，首先对水平耦合板和垂直耦合板放电时垂直耦合板上的场分布进行了分析，然后对几种医疗设备进行静电放电抗扰度试验。试验得出：1）对两种耦合板放电时，水平耦合板上电场强度和磁场强度随测试距离的变化趋势不同；2）试验结果对ESD模拟器的种类有着依赖关系。这些结果为研究电子设备静电放电抗扰度试验新方法、新标准和新的试验平台及诊断评估方法提供了参考依据。     

超声颗粒监测中聚焦的必要性及相应参数的确定方法

分析了超声波颗粒监测中探头聚焦的必要性,并介绍了与聚焦探头有关的聚焦参数（Ｆｚ,Ｂｗ）的理论确定方法。     

多级安全数据库体系结构及其策略模型的研究

通过对现有多级安全数据库体系结构和策略模型的研究,分析它们各自存在的不足,给出了一个基于核心化体系结构的MLS-DBMS体系结构,并在现有策略模型的基础上,提出了一个基于扩展安全级的安全模型.该安全模型增加了策略模型的灵活性,提高了数据库系统的安全性和可用性.