求解压缩感知中信号重构问题的原始对偶算法

压缩感知理论(CS)是对信号压缩的同时进行感知的新理论,而如何通过有限的测量值准确地重构稀疏信号是压缩感知理论中的核心问题。为求解稀疏信号的重构问题,文章利用了一种基于邻近点算法的自适应一阶原始对偶算法,并证明了其全局收敛性,该算法通过研究l1范数最小化来求解信号重构问题。最后,对提出的算法进行数据仿真,并与压缩采样匹配追踪(CoSaMP)算法进行了对比,数据表明文章提出的算法计算速度更快。     

压缩感知新技术专题讲座(三) 第5讲 压缩感知理论中的信号重构算法研究

信号重构作为压缩感知理论的核心之一,是指从长度为m的测量向量Y重构长度为n(m n)的稀疏信号Θ的过程。由于测量次数远小于原始信号维度,信号重构成为欠定方程求解问题,一般没有确定解。然而,若Θ满足一定的稀疏性条件,问题有确定解。文章首先从解析几何角度出发,分析了压缩感知中稀疏信号重构的原理,并对已有的两大类重构算法分别进行介绍:一类是针对l0范数最小化的一系列贪婪算法,一类是针对l1范数最小化的凸优化算法。对前一类算法,选取了代表性的OMP、ROMP、CoSaMP和SAMP算法进行研究,并分析了它们的优缺点;对后一类算法,着重阐述了将BP问题转换为LP问题的推导过程,并介绍了两类经典的凸优化算法:BP-Simplex和BP-Interior。最后,展望了信号重构算法的研究前景。     

A Fast Algorithm for Blind Sparse Source Separation

提出一种快速的稀疏信号重构算法,通过定义一个连续可微函数近似l0范数,采用最小化l0范数的方法实现对稀疏源信号的估计.该算法的特点是实现简单,速度快.采用人工生成的信号将算法与通过l1范数最小化的快速稀疏信号重构算法和OMP算法进行了比较.最后,将该算法用于实际信号的欠定盲源分离.仿真实验表明,算法在保证信号分离性能的前提下大幅度提高了算法的运行速度.     

基于压缩感知的无人机图像组合去噪方法

针对无人机图像中存在的多种类型噪声干扰的情况,提出了一种基于压缩感知的无人机图像混合去噪方法。利用移动窗口平滑处理含噪图像中脉冲噪声,并去除该类噪声对图像稀疏性的破坏;对粗去噪图像进行稀疏表示,利用高斯观测矩阵对其测量,通过正交匹配追踪算法重构得到去噪后图像。实验结果表明,该算法改善了基于压缩感知图像去噪方法对含有脉冲噪声去噪效果差的问题,提高了去噪图像的峰值信噪比和视觉效果。     

压缩感知新技术专题讲座(三) 第6讲 压缩感知在语音处理中的应用研究

压缩感知CS(Compressive Sensing)作为一门新兴的技术,成为近年来人们广泛关注的研究热点。文中介绍了压缩感知理论的基本原理,在此基础上将压缩感知理论应用到语音信号处理中。首先研究了语音信号的稀疏性,说明了对语音信号进行压缩感知具有可行性;其次,采用随机滤波器组构造随机测量矩阵得到语音信号的压缩测量值;最后,研究了压缩测量值之间的相关性并将这种相关性作为稀疏度的一种度量方法用于控制随机滤波器阶数,实现了语音信号的自适应压缩感知。     

压缩感知理论与光学压缩成像系统

压缩感知理论为提升信息获取能力提供了新的思路,它表明当被探测信号具有稀疏性时,则获取信号所必需的测量数据与其稀疏度K量级相当,而远小于信号的维数N(Shannon采样定理所要求的采样数)。基于压缩感知理论的成像技术(压缩成像)则将感知、压缩和数据处理三个过程完美地结合在一起,避免了传统成像系统"先采样再压缩"方式带来的传感器和计算资源浪费。本文从稀疏性、投影测量矩阵的设计与可重构条件、压缩感知重构算法三个方面概述了压缩感知理论及进展,并以光学成像为背景,详细阐述了最近提出的几类光学压缩成像系统,最后,探讨了压缩感知及压缩成像方面目前所面临的一些挑战性问题。     

基于稀疏贝叶斯学习的DOA估计

针对基于l1范数约束的稀疏表示DOA(Direction Of Arrival)估计算法对初始参数较为敏感的问题,提出了一种基于稀疏贝叶斯学习的DOA估计算法。首先通过信号来波方向的空间采样构造冗余字典,将阵列信号处理中的DOA估计信号模型转化为压缩感知中的稀疏重构信号模型。然后基于经验贝叶斯推理的方法,将待估计的稀疏系数值用方差未知的联合高斯分布描述,而未知的方差值决定了待估计系数的稀疏性。通过观测数据估计得到未知的方差,进而得到信号的DOA估计值。仿真结果表明,提出的算法有较高估计精度,并且对非相干信源和相干信源都具有较好的估计性能。     

一种基于压缩感知的OFDM调制识别方法

卫星通信信号频带宽、传输数据量大的特性,为解决其处理困难的问题,提出一种基于压缩感知的OFDM信号调制识别方法,对OFDM信号进行稀疏变换后,在非重构的条件下直接对欠采样测量值进行处理,根据OFDM信号在高阶累积量上的性质进行调制识别。推算了几种单载频调制信号的欠采样后的高阶累积量理论值;分析了OFDM信号的渐进高斯性,通过这一性质可以将OFDM信号与其他单载频调制信号区分,做到OFDM信号的调制识别;仿真实验结果表明,该方法可以在欠采样的情况下以较高概率完成对OFDM信号进行调制识别,并且有较好的抗噪性。     

改进Laplace先验下的复数域多任务贝叶斯压缩感知方法

为了将现有的实数域贝叶斯压缩感知方法推广至复数域,利用改进Laplace先验假设,提出了一种复数域多任务贝叶斯压缩感知(complex multitask Bayesian compressive sensing using modified Laplace priors, CMBCS-MLP)方法,消除了测量噪声方差的影响,并推导了一种基于递归操作的快速算法。数值仿真表明：针对复数域稀疏信号重构问题,相比于现有方法,所提CMBCS-MLP方法具有更好的精确性和鲁棒性。     

压缩感知新技术专题讲座(二) 第3讲 压缩感知技术中的信号稀疏表示方法

信号的稀疏表示是信号分析领域的基本问题,也是近几年兴起的压缩感知理论的基础。文章首先分析了信号稀疏表示的基本原理,然后介绍了当前信号稀疏表示的主要方法,并重点阐述了基于过完备字典的稀疏表示方法及其在压缩感知中的应用,最后总结了稀疏表示所面临的问题和未来发展方向。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.