基于两阶段抽样法的作战仿真实验方案优选分析

通过作战仿真实验进行实验方案的优选分析研究,分别针对实验方案中的单一实验指标和综合实验指标进行了实验方案优选分析。首先运用两阶段抽样法完成了单一实验指标的实验方案优选分析,进而通过欧几里德贴近度分析了综合实验指标的实验方案优选分析,最后给出了两阶段抽样法在作战仿真实验中进行实验方案优选分析的应用实例。     

基于遗传算法的电子对抗作战实验寻优方法

作战仿真实验是评估电子对抗作战效能的理想方法,但在方案寻优时却面临实验方案"组合爆炸"的困难。对此,提出了将遗传算法引入作战实验寻优过程的求解思路。简要介绍了电子对抗作战仿真系统;分析了电子对抗作战方案拟制一般流程,建立了电子对抗作战方案优化模型,并给出了结合遗传算法和作战实验对其进行求解的原理和步骤;通过空袭作战电子对抗方案寻优的实例验证了方法的有效性。结果显示,本方法能够极大地提高寻优效率。     

海军陆战队登陆作战仿真实验指标设计?

仿真实验是重要的作战研究方法。在论述海军陆战队登陆作战仿真实验概念及其过程的基础上,根据海军陆战队登陆作战仿真实验指标体系的构成,设计作战任务级、行动效果级和作战实体级三级指标,为海军陆战队登陆作战仿真实验的指标设计及实践提供参考。     

海军陆战队登陆作战仿真实验指标设计

仿真实验是重要的作战研究方法。在论述海军陆战队登陆作战仿真实验概念及其过程的基础上,根据海军陆战队登陆作战仿真实验指标体系的构成,设计作战任务级、行动效果级和作战实体级三级指标,为海军陆战队登陆作战仿真实验的指标设计及实践提供参考。     

陆军合同战斗战法仿真实验研究

战法实验是检验战法、创新作战理论的有效方法和途径。加强陆军合同战斗战法仿真实验研究将有力促进陆军合同作战理论与战法的创新和发展。战法仿真实验通常按实验准备、实验推演、实验分析评估的步骤组织实施,开展陆军合同战斗战法仿真实验应把握好战法实验评估指标设计、战法行动计划设计、实验系统构设、战法行动计划录入、实验数据采集及分析评估等主要环节。     

对联合作战实验模型体系军事设计的思考

联合作战实验模型体系一般包括两层,即基础的仿真模型和支持联合作战问题研究的分析模型。联合作战实验模型军事设计工作中,应把握好仿真模型和分析模型的关系、面向服务设计界面、设计开放性模型参数、加工升级作战数据库、做好演示与仿真分析的衔接、规范运用专家系统、加强作战模型的产品化。利用联合作战实验模型进行课题研究时,应聚焦重点难点疑点提出实验问题,注重联合作战原理论证,规范输入数据和用语,根据实验目的调整作战分析参数,善于质疑模型计算结果,并正确认识作战仿真和作战分析的结果。     

作战筹划辅助实验平台设计研究

作战实验可用于辅助指挥员作战筹划研究。在作战筹划过程中,围绕辅助指挥员研究确定决心方案,运用作战实验手段,集成作战兵力需求计算、战法行动预案筛选、作战方案模拟推演和作战效益评估分析四种实验功能,为指挥员提供目标分析与力量使用、战法分析与方案制定、方案推演与评估优化等手段,为作战问题的研究和指挥谋略训练提供实验条件。     

浅析联合作战筹划"算、推、仿"

作战计算、兵棋推演和仿真实验等工程方法是联合作战筹划"求快""求奇""求精"的重要手段.作战计算快速灵活、全程运用;兵棋推演人在回路、总体验证;仿真实验精准统计、分域评估.在联合作战筹划构想阶段、方案阶段、计划阶段和实施阶段,"算、推、仿"的运用流程具有一定差异.总结了联合作战筹划"算、推、仿"需要把握的四个重要问题,为战略战役指挥机关提升作战筹划效能提供参考.     

作战实验态势展示与分析框架设计

为了使作战实验设计合理、作战实验过程透明、作战实验结果可信,需要将参与作战实验的军事研究人员和实验仿真系统紧密结合起来,而这种结合,需要提供基本的支持工具和结合平台。提出了一个作战实验展示和分析框架,具有战场环境构建与展示、实验构想自主表达、实验仿真过程态势展示、实验过程态势分析四项基本功能。分析了＂仿真数据——仿真过程数据＂、＂仿真数据——战场态势＂、＂战场态势——作战想定＂、＂作战想定——仿真系统＂的数据交互方式与战场态势编辑、仿真过程展示、态势分析、想定编辑四种人机交互方式。     

探索性作战仿真实验重复次数控制研究

探索性作战仿真实验相比自然科学实验有更为复杂的不确定性和响应高阶分布特性,传统基于已知分布类型的实验重复次数控制方法不再适用,必须寻找新的非参数的控制方法.首先分析了探索性作战仿真实验的复杂特性,其次针对精确评估和优劣判断两种具体控制需求,介绍了基于Bootstrap估计和置换检验的实验重复次数控制方法,最后通过综合应用这两种方法的寻优实验实例,验证了方法的有效性.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.