大空间建筑性能化防火设计探讨

通过设定火灾场景、设定火灾、火灾烟气数值模拟分析和人员疏散数值模拟分析等几个方面,从“性能化”设计的角度进行探讨,并通过一个实例对大空间建筑进行了“性能化”防火设计。与“处方式”防火设计相比,性能化防火设计在大空间建筑防火设计上具有更多优越性。     

某美食城性能化防火设计研究

针对某美食城防火分区面积过大、疏散距离过长和钢结构防火保护的问题,提出了性能化防火设计。设定火灾场景,模拟各部分人员的疏散时间;以FDS软件模拟烟气运动,得到可用疏散时间,经过分析,各场景下均能安全疏散。采用经验公式计算和FDS模拟分析两种方法计算火灾环境中钢构件的温度,提出了钢结构的保护方案。     

排烟系统ASET预测结果性能化评估

在性能化设计评估中,需要通过火灾烟气模拟的方法来预测人员可用的安全疏散时间,而设计火灾场景时排烟系统的情况设置对预测结果有很大影响。以某商业防火分区中庭排烟系统是否失效来研究这个问题,从而进一步说明排烟系统正常工作对保证人员安全疏散的重要性。     

某大型商业综合体建筑安全疏散性能化消防设计探析

对选定的大型商业综合体建筑功能特点及防火设计问题进行分析,运用消防安全工程学原理,选择适当的分析方法,采用可靠的技术手段和分析软件,设定全面客观的火灾与疏散场景,对烟气流动和人员疏散进行模拟分析.在对该项目拟定的消防设计方案进行调整并设置必要的消防设施保障后,能达到性能化设计提出的保证人员生命安全和限制火灾大规模蔓延的设计目标.     

大型公共场所火灾安全疏散研究

大型公共场所一旦发生火灾，非常容易造成群死群伤的严重后果。为杜绝类似事故的发生，研究火灾时人员的安全疏散就具有重要意义。结合工作实际，回顾了人员安全疏散研究的背景和现状，分析了火灾探测和危险的临界条件以及人员安全疏散的时间要求。根据影响安全疏散的各种因素，提出了安全疏散的要求，对于大型公共场所的高层建筑、地下建筑和商场的疏散设计具有一定的指导意义。     

复杂多功能区域人员疏散方案优化设计探讨

针对复杂多功能区域建筑物,设定了最不利疏散条件和火灾发展过程处于最不利情况的模拟场景.根据火灾烟气危险状态判据临界值,结合复杂多功能区域疏散性能模拟软件,模拟预测某超市二楼商业区火灾烟气流动特性数据,计算出该商业区的人员可用安全疏散时间,进而为消防疏散方案设计人员提供重要数据依据,便于其结合工程实际情况进行消防方案优化改进,确保商业区在火灾事故时,具备一定的安全疏散系统设施和足够的安全疏散时间.     

公共场所人员消防安全疏散模拟系统设计

公共场所的人员消防安全疏散问题是确保火灾下人员生命安全的关键.为模拟公共场所人员的消防安全疏散行为,提出了一种基于元胞自动机的火灾情况下人员疏散模型.在详细的系统需求分析、概要设计和详细设计基础上,开发了公共场所人员消防安全疏散模拟系统,并进行了系统测试和火灾情况下人员疏散过程模拟.该系统实现了生成公共场所火灾场景、计算并模拟人员疏散行为、管理消防安全疏散规范及算法等功能,系统运行稳定,对人员疏散的模拟过程与实际相符,具有操作简单、模拟直观、数据可靠、扩张性强等特点,能够为研究火灾环境下公共场所人员安全疏散问题提供平台.     

公共场所人员安全疏散评价方法探讨

公共场所安全疏散评价对于确保火灾中人员的生命安全具有重要意义。基于“性能化”防火设计的思想，对影响公共场所安全疏散的因素进行了分析，并对安全疏散的必要性能和评价程序进行了较为全面的探讨，其中包括烟气的评价、人员疏散能力的评价、疏散路线合理性的评价、疏散对策的评价等，目的在于通过合理的评价方法得出合理的疏散性能，为减少公共场所火灾造成的人员伤亡和财产损失提供帮助。     

巨幕类影厅人员疏散的安全水平分析与优化设计

巨幕类影厅的设计由于其视听效果需要往往超出规范要求,其消防性能化设计的首要安全目标是人员的安全疏散。基于＂消防性能化设计方案的安全水平不低于处方式设计方案＂的设计理念,对位于三层以上、面积超过400m^2的某巨幕影厅进行了人员疏散的安全水平分析,并对影响人员疏散效率的通道进行了优化设计。研究结果表明,进行性能化设计和处方式设计方案的人员疏散安全水平对比,有助于更全面的评价消防性能化设计方案的安全水平。     

某体育场消防设计安全性模拟研究

针对体育场存在防火分区面积大、地下车道排烟量大的问题进行性能化防火设计。设计两个火灾场景,从保证人员安全疏散、控制火灾规模和防止火灾大面积蔓延等方面进行分析。提出了可靠的消防设计,达到满足消防安全要求的目的。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.