反舰导弹大空域变轨的三维扩展比例导引律

为了使大空域变轨弹道的理论研究更符合反舰导弹的实际运动状态,建立了反舰导弹追踪虚拟目标的三维空间相对运动模型。同时,为了保证反舰导弹大空域变轨弹道的四段弹道平滑过渡,在导引律设计时同时考虑了脱靶量要求和末端落角要求。应用Lyapunov稳定性理论求解出满足要求的三维扩展比例导引律,对大空域变轨弹道的四段弹道设计了相应的过载控制指令,并进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明:所提出的三维扩展比例导引律可以使反舰导弹顺利完成大空域飞行任务,而且保证了反舰导弹的所有性能指标均满足要求。     

基于虚拟目标的反舰导弹的最优制导律研究

为了对抗敌方预警系统的跟踪、预测以及远程防空导弹的拦截,反舰导弹的飞行弹道应采用大空域变轨弹道。将弹目相对运动分解为俯仰和航向两个平面内的运动,考虑了制导过程中能量消耗最小以及末端角度要求,分别设计了两个平面内的最优制导律。利用该制导律可以引导反舰导弹向大空域内任何虚拟目标进行变轨机动,从而实现了各种各样的大空域变轨弹道。只要虚拟目标参数设置合适,反舰导弹的各项性能指标均能满足要求。弹道仿真表明了所设计的最优制导律的有效性。     

CIWS对反舰导弹曲线飞行的预测

为提高近程武器(CIWS)的预测精度,综述了反舰导弹的导引律,并将典型的反舰导弹的导引律引入到预测模型中,得到更符合实际的反舰导弹相对弹道的法向加速度,用来外推得到导弹未来位置。通过采用反舰导弹理论弹道的计算,表明在CIWS 预测模型中引入反测导弹的导引律可以较明显地提高预测精度。     

俯冲击顶弹道落角研究

采用俯冲击顶弹道时,为保证对目标的毁伤效果,要求导弹命中目标时具有较大的落角。为增大落角,分别研究了射程和弹道高度、转比点、比例导引系数以及可用法向过载等因素对落角的影响,并进一步提出了提高落角的措施。仿真和引证表明,通过采取调高发射角、加入推力矢量控制以及改进末制导律等措施可有效提高导弹落角。     

考虑弹体动态特性的机动效率约束导引律

针对考虑交会角和过载约束导引律在大机动时能量损失大的问题,提出一种考虑导弹机动效率的多约束制导律。应用最优二次型原理推导出考虑一阶弹体延迟的时变导引系数闭环次优制导形式,将导弹机动时刻阻力系数引入时变权系数,并通过迭代确定机动效率约束边界。将时变约束表示成剩余时间与弹体延迟时间的函数,代入制导指令,进行弹道仿真。结果表明,对于常值与机动目标,文中制导律与过载约束导引律同只考虑交会角约束的导引律相比,对目标均能实现末端弹道成型要求,而考虑机动效率的制导指令分配更为合理,在避免指令加速度饱和的同时有效降低了拦截末端速度损耗,提高制导精度与毁伤效果。且该制导律中时变权系数无须配平求解,在保证精度的同时极大地提高了迭代速度。     

一种改进的扩展比例导引律及其仿真

针对比例导引制导导弹攻击机动目标阶段,系统状态可观测性弱的问题,在扩展比例导引律的基础上提出了一种改进方法。该方法形式简单,易于工程实现。建立了弹目相对运动模型,基于被动跟踪的可观测性理论建立了可观测性指标,并对改进的比例导引的可观测性进行理论分析,采用MATLAB语言,对改进比例导引法的理想弹道进行了仿真,绘制出随导弹与目标参数变化的三维图像,对理想弹道的特性进行了分析。仿真结果表明,这种改进的比例导引是合理有效的,与扩展比例导引相比,该制导律能够明显提高制导过程中的可观测性,增强弹上跟踪滤波器的效果。     

导弹最优制导律弹道仿真分析

根据导弹仿真数据,绘制可直观显示弹道特性的理想弹道曲线。给出了比例导引法的差分方程,建立了比例导引法的三维弹道仿真模型。在对比例导引法进行三维弹道仿真的基础上,分别对增量比例导引、基于二次型的最优制导律和考虑动态特性的二次型最优制导律进行了三维弹道仿真,绘制出了可直观显示弹道特性的理想弹道,计算了导弹与目标的遭遇时间,并对结果进行了比较分析。最后得出考虑弹体动态特性的二次型最优制导律具有最优性。     

跳跃式弹道导弹突防能力

建立了导弹防御系统仿真模型,对跳跃式弹道导弹的突防效能进行了分析.基于弹道数据,计算了导弹采用传统抛物弹道的突防概率与不同RCS情况下采用跳跃式弹道的突防能力.针对跳跃式弹道导弹末段突防能力不高的问题,对弹道进一步改进,即在末端进行迎角变轨机动或蛇行机动.仿真结果证明,末端机动有效地提高了导弹全程的突防能力.     

便携式自寻的反坦克导弹攻顶弹道研究

便携式反坦克导弹在通过击顶方式打击目标时,要同时满足落角和精度的要求,以达到对目标的毁伤效能。首先推导带落角约束的最优比例导引律;然后设计携式反坦克导弹击顶弹道方案,导弹先出筒无控,以指数规律完成爬升,采用定攻角进行滑翔飞行,弹道末端运用推导的导引律来满足对落点和落角的约束。仿真结果表明,当反坦克导弹攻击不同距离的目标时,该弹道方案具有较强的有效性。     

干扰及机动条件下的比例导引智能调控策略

由于红外诱饵干扰样式复杂、目标机动形式多变导致传统比例导引律极易被干扰。为提高采用比例导引方法的导弹性能，提出一种利用径向基函数网络调控比例系数及导弹发射时机的智能导引律。以飞行时间及脱靶量为参考，通过构建加权型指标函数将求解最优比例系数及发射时机问题转化为单目标优化问题；引入量子粒子群算法求解最优决策参量，并以其作为网络输出，干扰样式作为网络输入，离线训练径向基函数网络；为提高训练效率，结合K-means及K最近邻算法初始化径向基函数网络。仿真结果表明，当存在红外诱饵干扰时，智能导引律性能优于扩展比例导引律及自适应滑模导引律。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.