小口径空炸射击高炮武器系统的点射毁伤概率

分析了各子系统所引起射击诸元误差分量的相关性和重复性;假定点射中射击诸元误差呈正态分布,随机生成射击诸元误差分量;根据射击诸元误差与射击误差的关系,计算射击误差;结合空炸毁伤定律,计算点射毁伤概率;通过算例,研究了弱相关误差的相关系数与点射毁伤概率的关系.     

某型多管火箭炮射击精度对重复毁伤影响

基于射击学理论和毁伤理论,采用矩阵法,建立了某型多管火箭炮射击的重复毁伤分析模型,研究了该型多管火箭炮射击误差对重复毁伤的影响,得出了射击诸元误差和射击散布误差变化对重复毁伤影响的具体规律和二者之间的不同。研究结论对于弹道修正火箭弹设计精度指标确定、弹药消耗规律研究及作战指挥决策具有参考意义。     

未来空域窗下高炮武器系统的毁伤概率

为得到更准确的高炮武器系统毁伤概率算法,将射击诸元误差进行了分解,并对射击诸元误差各分量进行了相关性和重复性分析;在上述分析的基础上,结合弱相关误差序列的生成方法,给出了毁伤概率计算的蒙特卡罗法;基于此算法,计算了高炮武器系统使用未来空域窗射击体制或集火射击体制时,对不同机动特性目标的毁伤概率;结果表明,对高机动目标进行射击时,未来空域窗射击体制相比集火射击体制更优;同时给出了根据目标机动特性选择射击体制的方法。     

舰载制导炮弹作战效能仿真分析

选择毁伤概率作为效能指标,在分析使用舰裁制导炮弹时岸作战射击误差的基础上建立了毁伤概率模型,并应用蒙特卡洛法对模型进行了仿真计算,同时研究分析了各项技术指标参数对毁伤概率的影响.仿真结果表明,射弹散布概率误差对毁伤概率的影响程度与其它因素相比较轻,射击诸元误差对制式弹对岸打击毁伤概率的影响明显大于制导炮弹,并且得到了激光照射距离和各种误差参数的理想分布,分析的结果可为舰栽制导炮弹的使用和技术指标优化提供一定的参考依据.     

基于射击过程仿真的炮兵营射击效力计算

针对目前武器系统毁伤效能多采用近似解析计算的问题,提出了基于射击过程仿真的方法,探讨了射击过程仿真法在毁伤效能计算中的应用,为指挥人员提供单个目标毁伤概率、集群目标毁伤百分数的数学期望等重要参考数据。实例表明,该方法计算量小,运算速度快,与理论结果相比较表明该方法结果准确,可作为作战指挥人员射击效力分析的依据。     

压制火炮对暴露有生力量毁伤效能评估方法

为了研究压制火炮对暴露有生力量毁伤效能评估问题,提出了一种基于射击条件下毁伤幅员的压制火炮火力毁伤概率计算的方法。以平均相对毁伤面积为毁伤概率指标,采用蒙特卡洛方法,以目标区域中心为瞄准点,以随机方式确定弹着点在目标区域中的坐标。利用破片威力场研究成果,对射击条件下的毁伤幅员进行了计算,从而实现了压制火炮对暴露有生力量毁伤效能评估。     

自适应射击窗火力控制技术

为提高高炮武器系统拦截巡航导弹的能力,提出了自适应射击窗的思想.自适应射击窗是指火控系统根据目标运动参数估计结果,识别目标的运动模式并估计出其机动幅度,实时在线评估毁歼概率,并求解出具有最大毁歼概率的空域窗技术参数(形状和大小),据此计算出射击诸元提供给高炮武器系统实现对空中目标的射击.对实现该技术要解决的几个专项技术问题作了简要分析.最后,通过设置不同的目标航路,采用蒙特卡罗法分别对自适应射击窗技术和传统火控技术进行了效能对比分析.仿真结果表明,当巡航导弹不机动时,前者有与后者相当的射击效果;当巡航导弹蛇行机动时,依据参数设置,前者的毁伤效能较之后者提高约17.7％～102.4％,且增加了有效射击时间.     

利用蒙特卡洛法评定火箭炮对岸射击效能

为了更好的评定舰载火箭炮对岸射击的射击效能,选用了毁伤概率为效能指标,应用重叠系数法排除子弹重叠的影响,运用蒙特卡罗法计算出毁伤概率,并给出了保证实验精度的方法。实际举例结果表明,在评定毁伤效率时,应用重叠系数较大程度地减少因重叠造成的误差。该方法在研究火箭弹对岸射击效能时,能够更好的提高精度,减小误差。     

金属风暴武器系统反导命中模型研究

根据金属风暴武器系统具有多管同时发射和超高射速的特点,从弹幕射击入手,建立了金属风暴武器系统反导射击毁伤的数学仿真模型。对研究金属风暴的作战效能研究具有重要意义。     

一种防空系统射击效能的评价模型

在确立防空系统的射击效能评价准则的基础上,探讨了一种防空系统射击效能的评价方法;建立了防空系统的射击效能的一般数学模型;通过对给定数学模型进行分析,找出了影响防空系统射击效能的主要因素,从而得出了防空系统各组成部分的毁伤造成防空系统整体射击效能下降之间的关系表达式.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.