冲压发动机导弹轨迹/总体参数一体化优化设计

对以冲压发动机为动力导弹的轨迹/总体参数一体化优化设计问题进行了研究。建立了一体化优化的相关数学模型,提出采用高斯伪谱法将一体化优化中的轨迹最优控制问题参数化,然后用序列二次规划方法求解该一体化优化问题。仿真结果表明,经过一体化优化设计,起飞质量比不考虑轨迹优化的方案减少了4.06%。总体参数优化结合轨迹优化最大程度地挖掘了导弹总体设计的潜力,提高了总体性能。其结果可为冲压发动机导弹总体优化设计研究提供理论参考。     

高斯伪谱法在变推力导弹弹道优化中的应用

为实现对可变推力固体火箭发动机推进剂的充分利用,以近程导弹拦截目标为特定研究场景,在推进剂质量给定的情况下采用Gauss伪谱法进行弹道优化设计。该方法采用变推力控制,选用固体火箭发动机实现推力可调,由比例导引给出制导指令,研究Gauss伪谱法在变推力导弹弹道优化中的应用方法,最终得到目标函数及约束条件下的比例导引变推力优化方案。仿真结果表明了高斯伪谱法应用于可变推力导弹弹道优化设计的有效性,同时与传统发动机方案下的弹道进行对比,表明了变推力控制在导弹弹道性能上的优越性。     

固体火箭冲压发动机的工作特性分析

通过数值计算 ,分析了燃气流量固定的壅塞式固体火箭冲压发动机、等空燃比工作的固体火箭冲压发动机和非壅塞固体火箭冲压发动机的高度特性和速度特性。结果表明 ,当导弹的飞行高度和速度变化时 ,燃气流量固定的壅塞式固体火箭冲压发动机性能变化最大 ,燃速压强指数为 1 0的非壅塞固体火箭冲压发动机的性能基本实现了等空燃比调节。贫氧推进剂的燃速压强指数越高 ,非壅塞固体火箭冲压发动机燃气流量的自适应调节能力越强。     

变推力固体火箭发动机战术导弹弹道优化研究

在给定发射初始条件、目标逃逸方式及控制律条件下进行了导弹性能仿真,给出了采用变推力固体火箭发动机的战术导弹最大发射弹目距离和变推力固体火箭发动机二级推力所对应的关系,形成了仿真条件下的变推力发动机控制律,丰富了采用变推力发动机的导弹制导律设计维数,并分析了发动机二级推力调节对弹道设计的影响,对采用变推力固体火箭发动机的导弹弹道优化设计具有一定的指导意义。     

固体导弹最大射程评定方法研究

本文提出了一种基于固体火箭发动机性能散布分析的固体导弹最大射程评定方法,将系统辨识、性能散布分析和统计分析有机结合,实用性强,对固体导弹试验鉴定技术研究具有重要意义。     

一种固体导弹最大射程评定方法

本文提出了一种基于固体火箭发动机性能散布分析的固体导弹最大射程评定方法，将系统辨识、性能散布分析和统计分析有机结合，实用性强，对固体导弹试验鉴定技术研究具有重要意义。     

非壅塞固体火箭冲压发动机及其贫氧推进剂

研究了非壅塞固体火箭冲压发动机的工作特性。研制出了能量高、燃速高、燃速压强指数高、低压燃烧性能好的铝镁贫氧推进剂配方。采用连管式试验与数值分析相结合的方法 ,对非壅塞固体火箭冲压发动机性能进行了系统的研究     

大型捆绑助推器总体/动力/轨道一体化设计与优化

在综合考虑固体火箭发动机设计、轨道设计和总体特性相互作用、相互影响的情况下,建立了捆绑助推器总体/动力/轨道一体化设计优化模型和系统分析模型,并应用遗传算法完成了某大型捆绑助推器6个设计参数的优选。结果表明:本文方法优化设计效果明显,优化所得助推器质量比原方案减轻了17.7%。     

导弹固体火箭发动机贮存寿命预测方法研究

为更准确地预测导弹固体火箭发动机贮存寿命,提出将Monte Carlo随机有限元法与RBF神经网络相结合,对固体发动机贮存寿命进行预测。对固体火箭发动机的结构可靠性利用Monte Carlo随机有限元法开展了不确定性分析,以此获得药柱的结构可靠性指标;基于RBF神经网络对固体发动机可靠性下降趋势进行预测,进而预测出导弹固体发动机寿命。     

固体火箭推进技术的发展

本文介绍了固体火箭推进技术的发展趋势;对于战略导弹发动机,主要是提高发动机性能,使导弹小型化,能在汽车上、火车上或飞机上机动发射,对于防空导弹发动机,主要是发展推力可控技术和无烟推进剂,使导弹能对付高速、高机动的目标,并使发射场和导弹本身不被烟雾暴露;对于运载火箭助推器和小型运载火箭发动机,主要是降低成本和提高可靠性。固体火箭推进技术应用于国民经济建设,也是其发展的一个重要方面。     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

Does Intent equal Capability? Al-Qaeda and Weapons of Mass Destruction

The prospect of terrorists deploying weapons of mass destruction (WMD) is often referred to as the foremost danger to American national security. This danger has become more realistic because of al-Qaeda's expanding global network and the expressed willingness to kill thousands of civilians. In the past four years, numerous media reports have documented the group's ongoing quest for WMD capabilities; many reports have detailed al-Qaeda members’ attempts to manufacture or obtain certain chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents to use in WMD against targets in the West and the Middle East. Yet the question remains: Does al-Qaeda's current WMD capability match its actual intent? While most studies of the group have focused on its explicit desire for WMD, allegations of CBRN acquisition, and the killing potential of specific CBRN agents, few open-source studies have closely examined the evolution of al-Qaeda's consideration of WMD and, most notably, the merit of actual CBRN production instructions as depicted and disseminated in the group's own literature and manuals. The following report will examine the history of al-Qaeda's interest in CBRN agents, the evolution of the network's attitude toward these weapons, and the internal debate within the organization concerning acquisition and use of WMD. More so, the following research will assess the validity of actual CBRN production instructions and capabilities as displayed and disseminated in al-Qaeda's own literature and websites.     

Late Medieval Lance Use: Mounted Combat and Martial Arts in Western Europe from the 14th to the 16th Century

Despite the lance’s status and the amount of attention the couched lance has received in historiography, study of its martial art has been neglected. The various lance types and techniques used by western European cavalry have only recently begun to receive scholarly attention. Additionally, Medieval European lance use has too often been studied in isolation, without an adequate understanding of the idiosyncratic and asymmetrical dynamics of mounted combat. Although the charge with the couched lance was a valid tactic, it was only one of many. Light and heavy lances were used in one hand or two to trip, block, unhorse, and wrestle. These techniques were governed by the harsh laws of distance, speed, impact, iron, and asymmetry. By utilizing the surviving Fechtbücher and several Peninsular and Near Eastern sources, a brief foray into the diverse techniques of lance use and their purposes has been attempted here.     

A model for geographically distributed combat interactions of swarming naval and air forces

This article describes the Distributed Interaction Campaign Model (DICM), an exploratory campaign analysis tool and asset allocation decision‐aid for managing geographically distributed and swarming naval and air forces. The model is capable of fast operation, while accounting for uncertainty in an opponent's plan. It is intended for use by commanders and analysts who have limited time for model runs, or a finite budget. The model is purpose‐built for the Pentagon's Office of Net Assessment, and supports analysis of the following questions: What happens when swarms of geographically distributed naval and air forces engage each other and what are the key elements of the opponents’ force to attack? Are there changes to force structure that make a force more effective, and what impacts will disruptions in enemy command and control and wide‐area surveillance have? Which insights are to be gained by fast exploratory mathematical/computational campaign analysis to augment and replace expensive and time‐consuming simulations? An illustrative example of model use is described in a simple test scenario. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 562–576, 2016     

Thomas Firth and Sons – Steelmakers to the Arms Industries. Part 2: Heavy Armaments

Firth’s were the first of the Sheffield steel makers to enter the field armaments. Their involvement with Colt has been outlined in an article in the journal of the Colt Collectors Association in America and their activities as steelmakers to the small-arms industries has been covered in a previous issue of this Journal. This article gives a brief overview of their involvement as manufacturers in the field of heavy armaments, being the first to make all-steel guns and their evolving role in the use of steel for ordnance, culminating in the displacement of wrought iron by the adoption of steel for ordnance manufacture by the Royal Gun Factory in the 1880s. It also highlights their development of stainless steel in this context.     

Information Is Not a Weapons System

ABSTRACT

While many militaries have tried to capitalize on the potential of information operations in internal war, few have succeeded. I argue that military information campaigns fall short of expectations for two reasons. First, the theory of influence militaries generally embrace – communications as a non-lethal weapons system – is largely invalid. While treating information as a weapons system makes it easier to integrate it into the existing military planning system, this overstates the independent effects of communications on behavior and understates the importance of interactive effects of what commercial marketing theory refers to as the “marketing mix” – product, price, promotion, and placement. It would be more appropriate to treat military information operations as a form of marketing: a composite effort to induce a specific behavior in a target audience by applying a combination of material and ideational instruments. The marketing model suggests that the efficacy of information operations will depend not simply on the message and its delivery (promotion) but on the behavior the sender seeks to induce (the product), the costs of that behavior (the price), and the opportunities available for such behavior (the placement).