高超声速飞行器组合导航系统研究

为提高高超声速飞行器的导航精度,在SINS/GPS位置、速度组合导航模型基础上增加了GPS姿态信息,推导了姿态算法中姿态角误差与平台误差角的关系。通过理论分析说明了其可消除数学模型误差,提高系统的姿态精度,并以此建立了SINS/GPS组合导航系统姿态、位置、速度观测方程。通过仿真验证了该算法的有效性,结果表明SINS/GPS姿态、位置、速度组合导航可以有效提高高超声速飞行器导航定位精度。     

基于UKF算法的SINS/GPS全组合导航系统研究

将UKF算法用于低成本的SINS/GPS全姿态组合导航系统中,提出了一种GPS测量姿态角的方法,推导了姿态角误差与平台失准角的关系,建立了系统的非线性误差模型,设计了UKF滤波器。仿真结果表明,通过将UKF算法用于SINS/GPS全姿态组合导航系统中,系统的可观测性得到了改善,提高了导航精度。     

针对GPS/SINS深组合模型的U滤波及其运用

很多文献都证明了在解决非线性系统问题时,UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)是比EKF(Extended Kalman Filter)更好的选择,但计算的复杂度限制了其运用。针对GPS/SINS深组合的模型提出了全新简化的U滤波算法UTCUKF(Ultra Tight Coupling Unscented Kalman Filter)。这是一种专门针对具有加性噪声、线性状态方程和非线性量测方程的系统设计的滤波器。首先介绍了GPS/SINS深组合系统在导航解算时的模型,然后针对模型具有加性噪声的特点运用AUKF(Additive Unscented Kalman Filter)对UKF进行了简化,为了实现UKF在GPS/SINS深组合系统中的实际运用,又由系统模型中状态方程是线性方程、观测方程是非线性方程的特征,进一步提出了UTCUKF,并做了分析和仿真。     

SINS/GPS 组合导航系统的修正自适应滤波方法

模型误差和噪声是导致SINS/GPS组合导航计算发散的主要原因.提出了一种适用SINS/GPS组合导航计算的残差监控加权修正自适应卡尔曼滤波方法,利用滤波残差的均值和方差不断对卡尔曼滤波的状态噪声方差阵和测量噪声方差阵进行实时修正,提高了滤波器对模型不确定性和噪声变化的适应能力和鲁棒性,显著改善了组合导航系统的定位精度.通过SINS/GPS组合导航系统仿真,验证了方法的可行性.     

基于SINS/DVL/GPS的AUV组合导航技术

为了提高自主水下航行器组合导航系统的精度,选择了捷联式惯性导航系统(SINS)和多普勒速度声纳(DVL)导航为主、GPS卫星导航系统为辅的组合导航方法.通过Kalman滤波技术对组合导航的误差状态进行了估计,并采用反馈校正的方法修正SINS的导航误差.仿真结果表明SINS/DVL/GPS的组合导航可以有效地提高水下航行器SINS/DVL组合导航系统的导航精度,满足AUV远距离航行的精度需求.     

高动态环境下基于H_∞滤波的深组合导航技术

捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)/全球定位系统(GPS)组合导航系统是适用飞机和现代武器装备的高精度导航系统。针对高动态环境下GPS/SINS组合导航系统的定位精度问题,以炮射无人机为例提出基于H∞滤波技术的SINS/GPS伪距、伪距率深组合导航方案,用于提高高动态环境下组合导航系统的精度和鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,H∞滤波器不但比Kalman滤波器鲁棒性强,而且可用于带有强有色噪声的高动态系统中,并能保持较高的精度。     

级联SINS/GPS系统的相关卡尔曼滤波

针对级联式 SINS/ GPS导航系统中组合滤波器的测量噪声与系统噪声的相关问题 ,提出了一种相关程度未知条件下的估计量最优融合算法 ,并由此得到了一个顾及噪声相关性的卡尔曼滤波新算法。通过对一套 SINS/ GPS数据的计算 ,证明了新算法是成功的     

基于SINS/GPS组合导航的AUV半实物仿真系统设计(英文)

为了满足水下航行远航程和长时间的要求,远航程自主水下航行器(AUV)采用的是以SINS导航为主、卫星导航定期修正的方式,以提高导航的精度和可靠性.设计一种采用GPS卫星定位导航模拟器、GPS接收机、惯性测量器件(IMU)和实时仿真计算机构成的采用SINS/GPS组合导航方式的AUV导航半实物仿真系统,并对该系统的硬件接口设计、算法和软件开发进行了论述.所开发的系统通过外部的线运动补偿实现了惯性导航系统的完整计算,通过时间同步策略解决了各导航子系统的并行同步问题.部分仿真试验的结果表明,所设计的半实物仿真系统方案可行,可用于更高置信度的AUV组合导航仿真实验.     

基于AKF的AUV对接回收组合导航研究

针对自主水下机器人(Autonomous Underwater Vehicle,AUV)在回收过程中的组合导航精度问题,提出了一种改进的高斯距离迭代法及改进的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法(Adaptive Kalman Filter,AKF).基于AUV回收对接系统,研究并建立了针对惯导SINS、超短基线USBL、多普勒计程仪DVL和深度计的基于斜距的组合导航模型.通过对SINS/USBL/DVL/深度计组合导航量测信息误差特性分析,设计了改进的基于斜距的SINS/USBL/DVL/深度计组合导航模型;针对该模型突出的滤波发散问题,设计了基于滤波收敛性判据和强跟踪滤波思想改进的AKF滤波算法进行有机融合.仿真结果表明,此研究使实际AUV系统具有更高的滤波精度和可靠性.     

组合导航系统的神经元信息融合模型

提出了一种基于神经元状态融合的组合导航系统信息融合模型 ,给出了神经元融合权重在线自适应学习算法。将该模型应用于车载SINS/GPS组合导航系统 ,通过仿真计算和实验室静态组合导航实验 ,验证了该信息融合模型及融合权重在线自适应学习算法在实际应用中的有效性和可行性。     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

Does Intent equal Capability? Al-Qaeda and Weapons of Mass Destruction

The prospect of terrorists deploying weapons of mass destruction (WMD) is often referred to as the foremost danger to American national security. This danger has become more realistic because of al-Qaeda's expanding global network and the expressed willingness to kill thousands of civilians. In the past four years, numerous media reports have documented the group's ongoing quest for WMD capabilities; many reports have detailed al-Qaeda members’ attempts to manufacture or obtain certain chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents to use in WMD against targets in the West and the Middle East. Yet the question remains: Does al-Qaeda's current WMD capability match its actual intent? While most studies of the group have focused on its explicit desire for WMD, allegations of CBRN acquisition, and the killing potential of specific CBRN agents, few open-source studies have closely examined the evolution of al-Qaeda's consideration of WMD and, most notably, the merit of actual CBRN production instructions as depicted and disseminated in the group's own literature and manuals. The following report will examine the history of al-Qaeda's interest in CBRN agents, the evolution of the network's attitude toward these weapons, and the internal debate within the organization concerning acquisition and use of WMD. More so, the following research will assess the validity of actual CBRN production instructions and capabilities as displayed and disseminated in al-Qaeda's own literature and websites.     

Late Medieval Lance Use: Mounted Combat and Martial Arts in Western Europe from the 14th to the 16th Century

Despite the lance’s status and the amount of attention the couched lance has received in historiography, study of its martial art has been neglected. The various lance types and techniques used by western European cavalry have only recently begun to receive scholarly attention. Additionally, Medieval European lance use has too often been studied in isolation, without an adequate understanding of the idiosyncratic and asymmetrical dynamics of mounted combat. Although the charge with the couched lance was a valid tactic, it was only one of many. Light and heavy lances were used in one hand or two to trip, block, unhorse, and wrestle. These techniques were governed by the harsh laws of distance, speed, impact, iron, and asymmetry. By utilizing the surviving Fechtbücher and several Peninsular and Near Eastern sources, a brief foray into the diverse techniques of lance use and their purposes has been attempted here.     

A model for geographically distributed combat interactions of swarming naval and air forces

This article describes the Distributed Interaction Campaign Model (DICM), an exploratory campaign analysis tool and asset allocation decision‐aid for managing geographically distributed and swarming naval and air forces. The model is capable of fast operation, while accounting for uncertainty in an opponent's plan. It is intended for use by commanders and analysts who have limited time for model runs, or a finite budget. The model is purpose‐built for the Pentagon's Office of Net Assessment, and supports analysis of the following questions: What happens when swarms of geographically distributed naval and air forces engage each other and what are the key elements of the opponents’ force to attack? Are there changes to force structure that make a force more effective, and what impacts will disruptions in enemy command and control and wide‐area surveillance have? Which insights are to be gained by fast exploratory mathematical/computational campaign analysis to augment and replace expensive and time‐consuming simulations? An illustrative example of model use is described in a simple test scenario. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 562–576, 2016     

Thomas Firth and Sons – Steelmakers to the Arms Industries. Part 2: Heavy Armaments

Firth’s were the first of the Sheffield steel makers to enter the field armaments. Their involvement with Colt has been outlined in an article in the journal of the Colt Collectors Association in America and their activities as steelmakers to the small-arms industries has been covered in a previous issue of this Journal. This article gives a brief overview of their involvement as manufacturers in the field of heavy armaments, being the first to make all-steel guns and their evolving role in the use of steel for ordnance, culminating in the displacement of wrought iron by the adoption of steel for ordnance manufacture by the Royal Gun Factory in the 1880s. It also highlights their development of stainless steel in this context.     

Information Is Not a Weapons System

ABSTRACT

While many militaries have tried to capitalize on the potential of information operations in internal war, few have succeeded. I argue that military information campaigns fall short of expectations for two reasons. First, the theory of influence militaries generally embrace – communications as a non-lethal weapons system – is largely invalid. While treating information as a weapons system makes it easier to integrate it into the existing military planning system, this overstates the independent effects of communications on behavior and understates the importance of interactive effects of what commercial marketing theory refers to as the “marketing mix” – product, price, promotion, and placement. It would be more appropriate to treat military information operations as a form of marketing: a composite effort to induce a specific behavior in a target audience by applying a combination of material and ideational instruments. The marketing model suggests that the efficacy of information operations will depend not simply on the message and its delivery (promotion) but on the behavior the sender seeks to induce (the product), the costs of that behavior (the price), and the opportunities available for such behavior (the placement).