基于改进DS证据理论的指挥控制系统信息融合方法

对作战目标的识别是指挥与控制系统在作战环境中实施精确打击的前提条件,然而多种系统协同作战必然会对作战目标的识别有差异.针对冲突识别信息融合导致的目标识别不明确甚至错误的问题,提出一种基于改进DS证据理论的指控系统信息融合方法,该方法构建基于智联体的融合模型,在此模型基础上根据皮尔逊相关系数计算出目标识别信息的相关性权重...     

一种新的基于DSmT的合成公式

DSmT是一种有用的不确定推理方法,能较好地解决强冲突情况下的信息融合问题.由于其在组合规则方面存在不足,影响了DSmT的应用.提出了一种新的合成方法,即在保留冲突焦元的基础上对支持证据冲突的概率进行重新分配.仿真分析表明,新的合成公式提高了目标识别的准确性,对于高度冲突的证据,也能够取得理想的合成结果.     

基于改进合成规则的弹头目标综合识别方法

为了提高多传感器弹头目标综合识别能力,提出了一种改进的证据合成规则。通过证据可靠性的AHP评估与分析,计算出证据的权重系数。并通过证据间的夹角余弦计算证据的可信度,得到证据的一致性偏差。根据证据的权重系数及一致性偏差计算其冲突概率分配系数。基于冲突概率的全局分配对多传感器的识别证据进行融合。实例分析表明,该方法能够有效降低弹头目标决策层融合识别的风险,提高弹头目标综合识别的鲁棒性和准确性。     

D-S证据理论改进算法提高水下目标识别准确性

D-S证据理论在目标识别中有着广泛的应用,是较好的数据融合方法之一,但在证据高度冲突时,会产生有悖常理的结果。针对此问题,引入传感器的可信度,提出了一种新的改进算法。该算法弥补了D-S证据理论所存在的不足,比其他改进算法融合效果好,此算法应用于水下目标识别,计算结果表明提高了水下目标识别的准确性和有效性。     

基于专家系统的弹道导弹目标识别方法

传统Dempster-Shafer(D-S)算法及其改进算法中,一般将冲突证据与不冲突证据统一融合,无论融合过程中冲突证据所占权重多小,这都将降低融合效率。针对这个问题,引入专家系统理论,面向信息融合中证据冲突的问题,将冲突证据与无冲突证据分组,构建了基于专家信任度的弹道导弹目标识别模型和专家知识库模型,从工程上设计了弹道导弹目标识别专家知识库系统,提出了两种专家知识权重确立方法,并通过实例以及仿真,验证了算法的可行性。     

一种改进的D-S冲突证据合成方法

产生反直觉结果是D-S证据理论在融合冲突证据时经常出现的问题,为了解决这一问题,提出一种改进的D-S冲突证据合成方法。利用Pignistic概率距离衡量证据间的冲突;同时,引进证据间相似度、支持度、确定度、决策度以及可信度来共同确定证据的权重,合理地分配冲突在各命题的比例;并对存在冲突的证据进行修正处理;最后,利用统一信度函数模型对证据进行合成。通过算例验证并与其他方法进行对比表明,所研究的方法在处理冲突证据时优于其他方法,鲁棒性和收敛性更好。     

基于证据理论的多源信息目标识别

目标识别系统中多源传感器信息高度冲突时,利用DS规则直接融合得出的结果不合理,针对该问题,提出了期望证据融合算法。多个证据融合时,根据两证据间的矛盾信息大小确定其相互支持度,将证据支持度矩阵模最大特征值对应的特征向量归一化后得到各证据的权重系数,进而求出期望证据,并用DS规则迭代融合。通过数字仿真对多种方法进行了比较分析,表明期望证据法在传感器信息高度冲突时依然可以得到较为理想的融合结果。     

基于DST和PCR5的弹道目标识别方法

在反导系统中,基于多传感器多源信息的融合识别,一直是研究的热点。为了解决不精确、不确定、冲突的多源信息的融合问题,结合DST(证据理论)和PCR5(比例冲突再分配准则)在处理不同冲突程度证据时的优势,提出了一种自适应的弹道导弹目标识别方法。首先引入关联系数的概念,用来表征证据间的冲突大小;其次给出了目标综合识别步骤;最后结合2个例子进行了仿真验证。结果表明,该方法识别率高,收敛性快,能够有效解决在识别中不稳定、不一致信息的融合问题,具有一定的应用价值。     

冲突证据组合中的模型修正新方法

针对经典DS组合规则在证据高度冲突情况下的失效问题,提出了一种改进的证据组合方法.通过引入证据间的距离函数获得证据之间的相似度和各个证据的支持度,并由此求得各个证据的归一化可信度.提出了一种改进的证据冲突检验方法,利用可信度加权平均证据对各个证据源进行冲突检验和修正,以消除证据之间的冲突.最后利用DS规则获得合成证据.数值算例表明,该算法能有效地融合高度冲突的证据,提高了证据组合结果的可靠性和合理性.     

多源目标识别中冲突证据的融合策略研究

随着防空反导作战环境的日益复杂,快速准确地进行真假目标识别显得尤为重要。针对多源目标决策级识别中冲突证据融合问题,在综合分析现有改进证据理论方法的基础上,引入新的冲突度量系数,提出了一种通过在融合流程中增加智能判断环节,以冲突系数为判断依据,对具有不同冲突系数证据选择不同组合规则进行证据组合的融合方法,并给出了策略的流程图。最后进行了实例验证,结果表明新策略能对不同未知信度和不同识别框架冲突证据进行快速有效的融合。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.