基于频率选择表面的雷达天线隐身应用研究

降低雷达天线的RCS而又保证雷达自身正常工作已成为目标隐身技术中的一个关键课题。介绍了由十字型振子单元构成的带阻式频率选择表面(FSS)的选频特性,探讨了FSS在低RCS抛物面天线和低RCS卡塞格伦天线中的工程应用,分析了应用于主、副反射面天线的隐身性能,最后得出2点结论,并指出在副反射面天线的工程应用中更容易实现。     

等离子体隐身技术初探

1引言 为了在目标识别、跟踪、拦截技术的不断发展中,提高飞机、导弹、舰艇和军用车辆等武器装备的生存力,形成了一门新兴的综合技术——隐身技术,该技术实质上就是尽量减少目标本身对雷达、红外及其它光、电、声探测系统的显示特征。传统的隐身技术主要着眼于改变飞行器的外形和结构以及采用吸波材料和表面涂层以降低雷达散射截面(RCS)。而本文将重点探讨一下利用等离子体技术实现隐身的技术(以下简称等离子体隐身技术)。     

考虑飞行器RCS分布的航迹规划

提出飞行器根据自身RCS分布特征,在雷达威胁完全覆盖防区时进行突防的三维航迹规划方法.将飞行器在三维空间中的运动分解为水平平面和垂直平面内的运动,简化飞行器RCS分布特征为蝴蝶结形分布,根据雷达探测目标信噪比大小提出多威胁情况下快速判断最具威胁雷达的方法,采用启发式A*算法得到突防航迹.最后对比分析采用固定RCS和分布RCS的飞行器所得突防航迹,结果表明采用分布RCS的航迹安全性更高.     

隐身飞机RCS测量与成像方法研究综述

隐身飞机已逐步成为大国重器,并将持续发挥重要影响,隐身技术也已成为飞行器设计的关键技术。隐身飞机的雷达散射截面积(radar cross section, RCS)测量是设计、制造、维护隐身飞机的必要手段。从缩比模型的RCS测试、全尺寸飞机室外RCS测试、全尺寸飞机室内近场测试三个方面,回顾了隐身飞机RCS测量的基本流程,总结了隐身飞机RCS近场测量的理论基础,并着重对具有成像诊断功能的近场RCS测量技术进行了梳理与分析。对隐身飞机RCS测量的应用趋势和关键技术进行了总结与展望, 有利于对隐身飞机RCS测量形成总体性了解,并把握RCS测量的发展方向。     

跨谱域低可探测的电磁超构表面天线

针对低可探测飞行器平台对天线的新需求,提出并设计了微波与红外跨谱域低可探测的电磁超构表面天线.将电磁超构表面设计思想融入天线设计中,在正常辐射下,使其具有电磁超构表面的吸波特性.该设计不用额外加载电磁超构表面,仅利用天线自身结构就能减缩其雷达散射截面.在此基础上,为了实现天线红外低可探测,设计了微波频段透波、红外频段低...     

隐身与反隐身技术的发展及前景

本文以飞行器反雷达隐身为基础,介绍反雷达隐身原理与技术,反隐身技术途径、国外隐身技术的发展现状及前景。     

等离子体隐身技术浅析

关于等离子体对雷达波的隐身机理,等离子体的红外及可见光隐身,等离子体天线,飞行器用等离子体火花杆,等离子体喷枪等问题,本文作了初步探讨。这对开展等离子体隐身技术的进一步研究是必要的,也可能是有帮助的。     

雷达抗前门耦合攻击防护能力对比分析

针对雷达遭受高功率微波武器攻击时容易损伤的问题,理论分析了雷达最远防护边界和雷达天线增益及接收机限幅器能力的关系,从空间滤波的角度,对比了反射面雷达和有源相控阵雷达抗前门耦合攻击的能力。分析得出只有高功率微波武器处于反射面雷达天线的主瓣范围附近时,对其前门耦合攻击效果才强于有源相控阵雷达;反之,要弱于有源相控阵雷达。由于反射面天线雷达主波束很窄,造成攻击的时机很短,所以反射面雷达在面对高功率微波武器时防护能力更强。     

雷达反隐身技术分析及进展北大核心

雷达反隐身技术是克服目标隐身的核心技术。结合雷达方程、电磁散射原理及隐身目标RCS分布具体分析了雷达反隐身的基本原理和方法,根据雷达反隐身的基本特性从空域、频域、极化域等角度详细介绍了雷达反隐身常用技术。最后,提出了雷达反隐身技术的发展趋势,并给出了一种新的雷达组网反隐身模式。     

新型的低RCS圆极化微带天线设计

针对圆极化微带天线的宽频带雷达散射截面(RCS)减缩问题,提出了一种新颖的超材料覆盖层结构,该结构同时具有部分反射特性和宽频带的极化旋转特性,可以在提高天线增益的同时实现RCS的宽频带减缩。仿真结果表明:与普通的圆极化微带天线相比,加载了超材料结构的天线,其增益在中心频率处提高了1.4 dB;同时,在9.7~21 GHz频带范围内,加载超材料的圆极化微带天线具有更低的RCS电平,整个频段内,平均减缩幅度达9.06 dB(X极化)和9.21 dB(Y极化)。仿真结果验证了设计的正确性,表明该方法可以有效的实现圆极化微带天线的宽频带RCS减缩,对圆极化微带天线的隐身技术有重要的借鉴作用。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.