射流角度和壁面曲率对撞壁液膜的影响

射流角度和壁面曲率是空间液体火箭发动机液膜冷却设计的重要参数,通过实验研究了入射角和壁面曲率半径对射流撞壁液膜形态和液膜厚度的影响;实验中液膜厚度的测量采用探针法法测量。对射流撞壁的溅射现象进行的分析表明,射流由壁面附着状态转变为液滴飞溅状态的临界We数为214.1,射流撞壁后由附壁状态转变为溅射状态的临界入射角度为23.1°,根据液体火箭发动机冷却的需要可以选择合适的射流角度。     

Intellectual spring cleaning: it’s time for a military “Do Not Read” list; and some sources that should be on that list

Military reading lists, intended to promote professional reading and in turn enhance education and develop critical thinking skills and sound judgement, recommend key texts to military personnel. This is a noble intent but the lists themselves, while generally good, are not flawless. Critiques of military reading lists often focus on what sources they are missing. This article offers its own critique but from a different perspective. It does so by analysing why some sources, which have become outdated, are based on faulty or incomplete research, have been thoroughly disproven, or some combination of the above, nevertheless linger on military reading lists. It then offers a short list of such sources, which it recommends be either removed from existing reading lists or accompanied by other sources that place the original source in appropriate historical context. Where applicable, it also recommends alternative sources that provide insights into the same subject matter. In so doing, this article is intended generate debate and to assist militaries to achieve a better balance between evaluation, induction and retention of valid knowledge on one hand, and rejection of outdated or flawed knowledge on the other.     

基于多层循环并行化的负载平衡优化

负载平衡是并行处理中的一个重要概念。参与一个程序执行的各处理机所承担的工作量是否均衡直接影响该程序的并行性能。本文对面向MPP系统程序循环级并行化中负载平衡的优化进行了探讨,提出了优化策略及其实施算法。     

Inventory control and periodic price discounting campaigns

This paper develops an inventory model that determines replenishment strategies for buyers facing situations in which sellers offer price‐discounting campaigns at random times as a way to drive sales or clear excess inventory. Specifically, the model deals with the inventory of a single item that is maintained to meet a constant demand over time. The item can be purchased at two different prices denoted high and low. We assume that the low price goes into effect at random points in time following an exponential distribution and lasts for a random length of time following another exponential distribution. We highlight a replenishment strategy that will lead to the lowest inventory holding and ordering costs possible. This strategy is to replenish inventory only when current levels are below a certain threshold when the low price is offered and the replenishment is to a higher order‐up‐to level than the one currently in use when inventory depletes to zero and the price is high. Our analysis provides new insight into the behavior of the optimal replenishment strategy in response to changes in the ratio of purchase prices together with changes in the ratio of the duration of a low‐price period to that of a high‐price period. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007.     

2015 and the survival of the Nigerian State

Nigeria is currently faced with serious domestic challenges. While the state is not officially at war, it is standing on the precipice, especially with the eruption of violence occasioned by the emergence of the Boko Haram sect and the tenuous peace in the Niger Delta. With the 2015 general elections on the horizon, fears of further violence and disintegration are rife, more so because of the debate over who occupies the Presidential Villa at Abuja. President Goodluck Jonathan, a southerner, seems poised for a comeback even amidst the vociferous challenge posed by the political elites of northern Nigeria. This article looks at the different scenarios that might play out in 2015. It analyses the challenges of the survival of the Nigerian state, and makes some policy recommendations that Nigeria and its people need to put into place in order to ensure its survival beyond 2015.     

武器装备体系能力多视图模型研究

针对武器装备体系能力概念抽象、关系复杂特点导致建模困难、重用性差、语义不一致等诸多问题,提出了一种基于本体的能力多视图模型构建方法,建立了6个能力视图的元模型.该方法首先明确能力领域问题,确定武器装备体系能力领域核心本体及构建原则,然后采用形式化方法描述本体,建立核心本体的关系模型,最后面向能力视图内容建立元模型,通过...     

多次点火固体火箭发动机在面空导弹上的应用研究

论述了多次点火固体火箭发动机的多次点火的最佳控制,具体研究了两次点火固体火箭发动机的参数对飞行性能的影响,对两次点火固体火箭发动机结合弹道同时最佳化问题给出了仿真结果.     

Timely exposure of a secret project: Which activities to monitor?

A defender wants to detect as quickly as possible whether some attacker is secretly conducting a project that could harm the defender. Security services, for example, need to expose a terrorist plot in time to prevent it. The attacker, in turn, schedules his activities so as to remain undiscovered as long as possible. One pressing question for the defender is: which of the project's activities to focus intelligence efforts on? We model the situation as a zero‐sum game, establish that a late‐start schedule defines a dominant attacker strategy, and describe a dynamic program that yields a Nash equilibrium for the zero‐sum game. Through an innovative use of cooperative game theory, we measure the harm reduction thanks to each activity's intelligence effort, obtain insight into what makes intelligence effort more effective, and show how to identify opportunities for further harm reduction. We use a detailed example of a nuclear weapons development project to demonstrate how a careful trade‐off between time and ease of detection can reduce the harm significantly.