车轮浪漫曲

1949年1月,我在新泽西州的迪克斯堡结束了步兵基础训练,当时只有17岁的我正值年少气盛,血气方刚,感觉自己就像是电影《第一滴血》中兰博那样的硬汉。陆军派我到弗吉尼亚州的李营（现在的李堡）,担任营区司令部的办事员。我有生以来离开生长的纽约布鲁克林,到过最远的地方就是新泽西州的霍博肯了,因此当时的我可以说是心潮澎湃,急切地渴望着会有一番兰博式的冒险经历。     

A platform for initial testing of multiple camouflage patterns

The human visual system is still an important factor in military warfare; military personnel receive training on effective search strategies, and camouflage that can effectively conceal objects and personnel is a key component of a successful integrated survivability strategy. Previous methods of camouflage assessment have, amongst others, used psychophysics to generate distinctiveness metrics. However, the population from which the human observers are drawn is often not well defined, or necessarily appropriate. In this experiment we designed a new platform for testing multiple patterns based on a camouflaged object detection task, and investigate whether trained military observers perform better than civilians. We use a two-alternative forced choice paradigm, with participants searching images of woodland for a replica military helmet displaying Olive Green, Multi Terrain Pattern, US Marine Pattern or, as a conspicuous control, UN Peacekeeper Blue. Our data show that there is no difference in detection performance between the two observer groups but that there are clear differences in the effectiveness of the different helmet colour patterns in a temperate woodland environment. We conclude that when tasks involve very short stimulus presentation times, task-specific training has little effect on the success of target detection and thus this paradigm is particularly suitable for robust estimates of camouflage efficacy.     

Field test and probabilistic analysis of irregular steel debris casualty risks from a person-borne improvised explosive device

Person-borne improvised explosive devices (PBIEDs) are often used in terrorist attacks in Western countries. This study aims to predict the trajectories of PBIED fragments and the subsequent safety risks for people exposed to this hazard. An explosive field test with a typical PBIED composed of a plastic explosive charge and steel nut enhancements was performed to record initial fragment behaviour, including positions, velocity, and trajectory angles. These data were used to predict the full trajectory of PBIED fragments using a probabilistic analysis. In the probabilistic analyses a probability of fatality or serious injury was computed. Based on the results presented, many practical conclusions can be drawn, for instance, regarding safe evacuation distances if a person were exposed to a suspected PBIED.     

Improvement of VIS and IR camouflage properties by impregnating cotton fabric with PVB/IF-WS2

In order to examine the possibility to improve its camouflage properties standard cotton fabric with camouflage print was impregnated with poly(vinyl butyral), PVB and fullerene-like nanoparticles of tungsten disulfide, PVB/IF-WS₂. FTIR analysis excluded any possible chemical interaction of IF-WS₂ with PVB and the fabric. The camouflage behavior of the impregnated fabric has been examined firstly in the VIS part of the spectrum. Diffuse reflection, specular gloss and color coordinates were measured for three different shades (black, brown and dark green). Thermal imaging was applied to examine the camouflage abilities of this impregnation in IR part of the spectrum. The obtained results show that PVB/IF-WS₂ impregnation system induced enhacement of the materials camouflage properties, i.e. that IF-WS₂ have a positive effect on spectrophotometric characteristics of the fabric.     

基于可信度的网络安全性分析方法

提出了一个基于可信度方法的网络安全性分析模型。该模型在脆弱点信息、脆弱点之间的关系、脆弱点与安全性的关系的表示中引入可信度因子,通过不确定推理对主机和网络的安全性进行分析。该模型能综合考虑诸多因素,有效处理安全性分析中的不确定知识。     

"堡垒"计划的破产罗科索夫斯基元帅忆库尔斯克战役准备工作

承蒙解放军出版社同意和支持．刊登《罗科索夫斯基元帅战争回忆录》(解放军出版社,2003年1月)摘选。所选章节为罗科索夫斯基元帅参与库尔斯克战役的内容。因文章篇幅较长,有删节,题目为原章节标题, 小标题为编者所加。     

朝鲜的发射时间有何玄机

朝鲜国家媒体12日上午宣布该国成功将一颗卫星送入轨道,今国际社会一片哗然,而就在数日之前朝鲜方面还表示受技术困难影响,其卫星发射时间推迟至12月底。当天上午10点左右,日本和韩国官方证实了这一消息,运载火箭三级均预期脱落,没有对任何邻国构成伤害。此次朝鲜射星受到的国际社会广泛谴责中,美国尤其强烈。美国政府及其地区盟国认为朝鲜以射星之名测试技术,最终使之具备为弹道导弹加装核弹头的能力。他们还谴责平壤政府把资金浪费在测试昂贵武器上。此前,朝鲜曾于今年早些时候试射卫星,但并未进入轨道。朝鲜还曾分别于1998年、2006年和2009年射星失败。国际社会将如何回应？从短期来看,日本和韩国安全官员将召开“紧急情况”会议讨论此次朝鲜射星,这就提出了一个问题：“什么是紧急情况？”美国国际战略研究中心分析家维克多·D·查和艾伦·金撰文称：成功的试射将唤醒朝鲜对美国本土直接威胁的忧惧,会成为奥巴马政府面临的首要国家安全问题。然而,射星本身对朝鲜近期能力有何暗示仍然不清楚,但人们有理由怀疑其意味着情况严重。当然,在咖啡厅里悠闲的聊天或打电话的首尔市民对此并不是特别关注。这可能很容易解释。在一份被广泛引述的报告中,核扩散分析师马库斯．席勒和罗伯特·H·施穆克尔揭露称,在今年早些时候的金日成诞辰百年阅兵式期间,朝鲜使用了假导弹。施穆克尔暗示称,朝鲜永远不可能生产出真正的洲际弹道导弹（美国称朝鲜正在测试洲际弹道导弹）,因为对于贫穷而孤立的朝鲜而言,该项目需要的投入过多。     

美国与伊朗交战代价太大

奥巴马总统近日表示,伊朗能够在一年多的时间里研发出核弹。随着伊核谈判迟迟无法取得进展,美伊间爆发军事冲突的可能性日趋增加。美国极有可能发动或卷入对伊战争。战争的后果会是什么呢？除了战争,还有别的选项吗？     

新条约是空文，还是针对俄罗斯？

2013年4月2日．联合国大会对《国际武器贸易条约》草案进行了投票表决,最终以154票赞成、3票反对、23票弃权通过了该草案。其间,叙利亚、伊朗和朝鲜投了反对票．包括中国、俄罗斯、白俄罗斯、波利维亚、委内瑞拉和古巴在内的23个国家投了弃权票。根据通过的决议,《国际武器贸易条约》将于6月3日起在纽约联合国总部开放供所有国家签署。决议呼吁所有国家审议签署条约的可能性．并按照相应宪法程序尽快加入该条约。按照规定,条约生效需要至少50个国家批准。届时,所有类型的常规武器都将在条约的监管之丁包括坦克和装甲车、     

拜登访华与中美“交流综合症”

美国所说的“21世纪另类大国关系”和中国所提出的“新型大国关系”大抵类似,指的是中美两国必须精诚合作,避免崛起大国和守成大国之间必然发生冲突的历史悲剧重演。当然,避免冲突是一回事,成功阻止冲突的发生又是另一回事。