喷气燃料中特征真菌Amorphotheca resinae的生物学性状研究

通过提供不同的碳源对喷气燃料中检测出的特征真菌Amorphotheca resinae(A.resinae)进行培养,观察菌落和孢子形态,研究其生物学性状;在液体培养基中对其进行振荡培养时出现了油包水现象,从而对特征真菌污染过的油、水相进行表面张力测定。研究结果表明:A.resinae在固体培养基中生长缓慢且出现角变现象;孢子直径仅约1μm;被特征真菌污染过的水相表面张力降低,推测培养A.resinae时可能产生了生物表面活性物质。     

两栖仿生机器人登陆自适应越障机构优化设计

两栖仿生机器人是一种能够同时在水下和陆地工作的无人平台,在抢险救灾、环境勘探与资源开发等领域具有广泛应用。本文提出了一种具有自适应登陆越障能力的轮鳍复合式两栖机器人,对其越障过程进行了运动学与力学分析,以其在临界越障时刻转矩为目标函数,应用遗传算法优化设计了结构与运行参数,同时与其他两栖机器人越障能力进行对比。结果表明,优化后越障所需转矩相比优化前降低了718.4 N·mm,轮鳍复合式机器人能够攀越相比自身尺寸更高的垂直障碍。模拟仿真了所设计机器人的越障过程,获得了其在平地行走、越障以及上坡推进过程中的速度、位移与力矩的变化规律,并通过实验进行了验证。     

银河机向量线性代数库的并行算法研究及优化

文中对YH-1标量线性代数库进行并行算法研究:改造串行算法,挖掘其中的向量成份,实行并行计算。根据并行机的特点采取有效的程序优化措施,设计出银河机向量线性代数库。该库采用各种直接解法的并行算法求解各类线性代数问题,精度好,运行速度快(当n=300时,向量库运行速度平均为标量库的13倍)。     

丁羟（HTPB）推进剂老化研究（IV）——过氯酸铵（AP）粒度对老化性能的影响

本文研究了HTPB/AP推进剂中AP粒度对推进剂老化性能的影响。实验是在90℃的空气中进行的。老化性能以推进剂的拉伸性能、邵氏硬度,失重%和燃烧速度等参数为判据,并以DSC图谱作参考。实验结果表明:HTPB/AP推进剂中AP粒度的减小,有助于推进剂贮存老化性能的提高。各种粒度AP的DSC图谱,也进一步证实了这一结论。     

图像制导导弹火控系统设计

针对车载图像制导导弹武器打击任务多样、作战使用灵活、多弹种、多人协同操作等特点,详细描述了火控系统功能需求分析、系统构型、工作原理、人机配合和信息交互等设计过程。由于系统任务的高效执行取决于操作人员对综合信息的准确掌握和对设备的便利操控,重点说明了以人员操控为主导,设备智能化处理配合完成工作流程控制的设计思想。该设计方法已成功应用于某型导弹武器火控系统的设计过程中,经试验验证,火控系统的功能、性能及操纵效果满足要求,且满足模块化、信息化、智能化等通用要求。     

Optimal policies for stochastic clearing systems with time-dependent delay penalties

We study stochastic clearing systems with a discrete-time Markovian input process, and an output mechanism that intermittently and instantaneously clears the system partially or completely. The decision to clear the system depends on both quantities and delays of outstanding inputs. Clearing the system incurs a fixed cost, and outstanding inputs are charged a delay penalty, which is a general increasing function of the quantities and delays of individual inputs. By recording the quantities and delays of outstanding inputs in a sequence, we model the clearing system as a tree-structured Markov decision process over both a finite and infinite horizon. We show that the optimal clearing policies, under realistic conditions, are of the on-off type or the threshold type. Based on the characterization of the optimal policies, we develop efficient algorithms to compute parameters of the optimal policies for such complex clearing systems for the first time. We conduct a numerical analysis on the impact of the nonlinear delay penalty cost function, the comparison of the optimal policy and the classical hybrid policy (ie, quantity and age thresholds), and the impact of the state of the input process. Our experiments demonstrate that (a) the classical linear approximation of the cost function can lead to significant performance differences; (b) the classical hybrid policy may perform poorly (as compared to the optimal policies); and (c) the consideration of the state of the input process makes significant improvement in system performance.     

Purchase and retrieval competition for seasonal produce

We study the competition problem of purchase and multiretrieval of perishable seasonal produce, where wholesalers purchase and stock their products in the first period, and then retrieve and sell them in subsequent periods. We first consider the duopoly case and assume that the prices are exogenous and fluctuate. In each period, after the price realization, the wholesalers retrieve some stock from their warehouses to satisfy their demands. One wholesaler's unsatisfied customers can switch to another and be satisfied by its left retrieved products. Any unsold retrieved stock has no salvage value and any unsatisfied demand is lost. The unretrieved stock is carried to the next period at a perishable rate. The wholesalers compete for the substitute demand by determining their own purchase and retrieval quantities. We show the existence and uniqueness of a pure-strategy Nash equilibrium, and that the Nash equilibrium strategy has the simple “sell-down-to” structure. We also consider the general N-person game and show the existence of the Nash equilibrium, and characterize the structure of the equilibrium strategy for the symmetric case. In addition, we consider the case with endogenous prices, and show that the problem reduces to a repeated newsvendor game with price and inventory competition. We derive the conditions under which a unique Nash equilibrium exists and characterize the equilibrium strategy. Finally, we conduct numerical studies to examine the impacts of the model parameters on the equilibrium outcomes and to generate managerial insights.     

从石家庄战役看朱德的城市攻坚战术思想

石家庄战役是人民解放军转入战略进攻后攻克国民党军坚固设防的大中城市的首战,亦是解放战争时期人民解放军城市攻坚战的典范.朱德全程参与了这一战役的筹划、准备与组织实施,形成并完善了精心策划,充分准备,兼顾攻城和打援,随机应变;稳打稳进,加强土工作业,力求集中火力突破一点;讲求各部队、各兵种密切协同,充分发挥各自优势,合力进攻;创新巷战战术,猛推、深插、狠打,突击前进等城市攻坚战术思想,其中许多战法为此后人民解放军历次城市攻坚战所借鉴和运用.     

静止条件下轨道发射器瞬态电磁场分布有限元模拟

在电枢静止条件下建立了简单轨道发射器及块状电枢的三维有限元模型。利用ANSYS模拟得到了轨道及电枢内的瞬态电流密度分布。结果显示,在通电过程中电流趋向轨道内侧表面,并在电枢尾部与轨道接触处集中,电流线聚集是造成轨道和电枢之间放电烧蚀的最主要原因。同时得到的还有轨道发射器周围空间的瞬态磁场分布,其结果表明,感应磁场主要集中分布在靠近电枢尾部一侧的两轨道间,并向后延续到约等于4倍口径的长度,电枢所在的位置正好是磁场激增区域。     

基于轨道发射器烧蚀的结构优化设计及有限元模拟

从简单轨道发射器的结构组成和烧蚀机理入手,分析并总结引起简单轨道发射器烧蚀的原因,提出通过改变轨道发射器的结构来改善导轨烧蚀的方法,设计一套结构优化设计方案并对其进行相应的ANSYS有限元模拟,其结果证明该方案能够较好地解决电磁轨道发射器烧蚀的问题。