英语——多种语言汇总的结晶

英语作为一种国际通用语言 ,其起源、演变、发展的过程十分复杂。本文从英语的产生基础及人文因素对它的影响入手 ,阐述了现代英语的历史渊源 ,回顾了英语由日尔曼语族中的一个小语种发展成为当今全球性语言的艰难历程 ,指出英语是人民的语言 ,是多种语言汇总的结晶。     

Fully sequential procedures for comparing constrained systems via simulation

We consider the problem of finding the system with the best primary performance measure among a finite number of simulated systems in the presence of a stochastic constraint on a single real‐valued secondary performance measure. Solving this problem requires the identification and removal from consideration of infeasible systems (Phase I) and of systems whose primary performance measure is dominated by that of other feasible systems (Phase II). We use indifference zones in both phases and consider two approaches, namely, carrying out Phases I and II sequentially and carrying out Phases I and II simultaneously, and we provide specific example procedures of each type. We present theoretical results guaranteeing that our approaches (general and specific, sequential and simultaneous) yield the best system with at least a prespecified probability, and we provide a portion of an extensive numerical study aimed at evaluating and comparing the performance of our approaches. The experimental results show that both new procedures are useful for constrained ranking and selection, with neither procedure showing uniform superiority over the other.© 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

On the polyhedral structure of two‐level lot‐sizing problems with supplier selection

In this article, we study a two‐level lot‐sizing problem with supplier selection (LSS), which is an NP‐hard problem arising in different production planning and supply chain management applications. After presenting various formulations for LSS, and computationally comparing their strengths, we explore the polyhedral structure of one of these formulations. For this formulation, we derive several families of strong valid inequalities, and provide conditions under which they are facet‐defining. We show numerically that incorporating these valid inequalities within a branch‐and‐cut framework leads to significant improvements in computation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 647–666, 2017     

基于模糊匈牙利算法的炮兵火力单位分配问题

发挥诸火力单位的整体协调优势,寻求在给定约束条件下总的射击效果最好的分配方案,是火力单位最优分配的基本任务.匈牙利算法是求解传统的指派问题的一种较好的方法,运用模糊匈牙利算法在决策过程中将主观因素与客观因素有机地结合起来,解决火力单位分配方案决策中多指标指派问题,从而可以有效地解决炮兵火力单位分配最优化问题.     

土质隧洞围岩稳定性分析与设计计算方法探讨

论述了以洞周位移量与围岩塑性区大小作为围岩稳定性经验判据的不足，依靠模型试验与力学计算，分析了隧洞破坏机理与形式。由此提出将基于有限元强度折减法求出的围岩安全系数作为稳定分析判据，这种判据有严格的力学依据，有统一的标准，而且不受其他因素的影响。研究了隧洞围岩安全系数（剪切安全系数、拉裂安全系数）与衬砌安全系数的算法以及隧洞设计计算方法。最后以黄土洞室为例，给出了土体隧洞设计计算新方法，并对土体隧洞今后的研究方向提出了几点展望。     

地基雷达探测临近空间高超声速目标优化部署方法

为提高地基雷达对临近空间高超声速目标的探测能力,探讨了一种实用高效的地基雷达优化部署方法,对地基雷达探测临近空间高超声速目标的难点和数学模型进行了分析,提出了地基雷达探测临近空间高超声速目标的部署原则和量化指标,建立了地基雷达优化部署模型,并进行了信息素引导性控制的蚁群算法设计。仿真结果表明,该方法可实现多种程式地基雷达的优化部署,提高了地基雷达优化部署效率和可操作性,为地基雷达探测临近空间高超声速目标的优化部署提供了一种新思路。     

Retailer's rationale to refuse consumer returns in supply chains

While accepting consumer returns has long been proposed as a solution to resolve the consumer valuation uncertainty problem, there are still a sizable portion of retailers who insist on a “no return” policy. In this article, we offer an economic rationale for these seemingly unreasonable strategies in a supply chain context. We demonstrate when and why the retailer may benefit from refusing consumer returns, even though offering consumer returns allows the supply chain to implement the expostmarket segmentation. Granting the retailer the right to refuse consumer returns may sometimes improve supply chain efficiency: it eliminates the manufacturer's attempt to induce inefficient consumer returns and bring the equilibrium back to that in the vertically integrated benchmark. We also find that the refund and the retail price can move in the opposite directions when product reliability varies, and consumer returns have a nontrivial impact on the quality choice. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 686–701, 2015     

基于品质度量的移动Ad Hoc网络分层密钥管理优化技术

提出了一个分布式的基于品质度量的分层密钥优化管理机制。该机制通过动态选择高品质的节点作为PKG来增强移动Ad Hoc网络的安全性,并将网络生存时间最大化。节点的选择可以归结为随机(restless bandit)问题,并且将密钥更新过程分为在线和离线两个部分,从而降低了计算复杂性。仿真结果表明,该机制可增强网络的安全性和将网络生存时间最大化,非常适合移动自组网的应用要求。     

海军陆战队登陆作战仿真实验指标设计?

仿真实验是重要的作战研究方法。在论述海军陆战队登陆作战仿真实验概念及其过程的基础上,根据海军陆战队登陆作战仿真实验指标体系的构成,设计作战任务级、行动效果级和作战实体级三级指标,为海军陆战队登陆作战仿真实验的指标设计及实践提供参考。