大规模科学数据体绘制技术综述

体绘制是刻画大规模科学数据中复杂物理特征的有效途径,然而,数据量极大、特征难以捕捉等问题依然是目前体绘制研究的主要挑战。为此,研究者们从三个方面对体绘制算法进行了深入研究,以提高大规模数据体绘制的效率和效果。一方面,依托硬件通过多处理器核来分担计算,降低单处理器核所要完成的计算量,是提高体绘制效率的一个有效途径。另一方面,充分发掘数据场内在特性对三维数据场进行约简,大幅减少绘制处理数据量从而降低算法开销,也是提高体绘制效率的一个有效途径。同时,在体绘制算法中融入特征分析和特征增强方法,让复杂物理特征从数据场中突显出来,以实现对科学数据的高质量绘制。本文对国内外体绘制技术相关研究进展进行了调研、综述,并分析了不同的研究方法,最后展望了未来体绘制技术研究的可能发展方向,包括应用驱动的特征体绘制、基于特征的约简体绘制、适应硬件的体绘制多级加速以及原位智能化体绘制等。     

A guarantee rate optimization model for wastewater treatment system design under uncertainty

We consider a design problem for wastewater treatment systems that considers uncertainty in pollutant concentration levels at water sources. The goal is to optimize the selection of treatment technologies and pipeline connections, so that treated wastewater can achieve specified effluents discharge limits as well as possible. We propose a new two-stage model to optimize a set of guarantee levels, that is, the maximum concentration level of source pollutants for which treated wastewater can be compliant with discharge limits. In the first stage, treatment technologies and pipeline connections are selected. In the second stage, when pollutant concentration levels are revealed, wastewater distribution and mixing are determined. A key attractiveness of the proposed guarantee rate optimization model is that it can be simplified into a single-stage mixed-integer linear program. In our numerical experiments based on real-world pollutants data, the guarantee rate model demonstrates its advantages in terms of computational efficiency, scalability and solution quality, compared with the standard probability maximization model. Finally, the methodology proposed in this paper can also be applied to other two-stage problems under uncertainty with similar uncertainty characteristics.     

Approximations for heavily loaded G/GI/n + GI queues

Motivated by applications to service systems, we develop simple engineering approximation formulas for the steady‐state performance of heavily loaded G/GI/n+GI multiserver queues, which can have non‐Poisson and nonrenewal arrivals and non‐exponential service‐time and patience‐time distributions. The formulas are based on recently established Gaussian many‐server heavy‐traffic limits in the efficiency‐driven (ED) regime, where the traffic intensity is fixed at ρ > 1, but the approximations also apply to systems in the quality‐and‐ED regime, where ρ > 1 but ρ is close to 1. Good performance across a wide range of parameters is obtained by making heuristic refinements, the main one being truncation of the queue length and waiting time approximations to nonnegative values. Simulation experiments show that the proposed approximations are effective for large‐scale queuing systems for a significant range of the traffic intensity ρ and the abandonment rate θ, roughly for ρ > 1.02 and θ > 2.0. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 187–217, 2016     

Cf/SiC复合材料制备过程对碳纤维的损伤

对几种类型的碳纤维在Cf/SiC复合材料制备工艺中的先驱体中氧含量及高温热处理和PCS浸渍裂解处理过程中造成的损伤进行了考察,并探讨了损伤机制.结果表明,碳纤维石墨化程度和表面状态的差别会对其在复合材料制备过程中的损伤程度产生影响.石墨化程度高的M40JB碳纤维损伤程度较大;表面呈活性的JC1#碳纤维对外界条件的变化较为敏感;而石墨化程度不高而表面不活泼的JC2#碳纤维则损伤程度较小且较稳定.     

孙马大战：国民党中央政权与诸马军阀关系初步定型的关键事件

晚清崛起、长期盘踞于甘宁青三省的诸马军阀集团是近代中央政权治理西北不能忽视的重要军事政治势力。国民党南京政权建政初期,无力西顾,甚为轻忽诸马的实力及其影响力。随着政局趋稳和对西北内部复杂情势的了解,尤其是通过1933年至1934年诸马联合兵拒孙殿荚屯垦青海事件,使国民党中央政权进一步认识了诸马军阀的“利益边界”及其在西北政．治军事格局中的作用和影响,从此国民党中央政权与西北诸马军阀关系初步定型。     

含连续时滞和阻尼项的非线性双曲微分方程解的振动性

研究了一类舍有连续偏差变元和阻尼项的非线性双曲型偏微分方程,获得了该方程在Robin边值条件和Dirichlet边值条件下解振动的一些充分条件,所得结果说明了时滞与阻尼项对解的振动性的影响.     

The assignment of storage locations to containers for a container stack

Assigning storage locations to incoming or reshuffled containers is a fundamental problem essential to the operations efficiency of container terminals. The problem is notoriously hard for its combinatorial and dynamic nature. In this article, we minimize the number of reshuffles in assigning storage locations for incoming and reshuffled export containers. For the static problem to empty a given stack without any new container arrival, the optimum reshuffle sequence is identified by an integer program (IP). The integer program captures the evolution of stack configurations as a function of decisions and is of interest by itself. Heuristics based on the integer program are then derived. Their competitiveness in accuracy and time are established by extensive numerical runs comparing them with existing heuristics in literature and in practice as well as with extensions of the existing heuristics. Variants of the IP‐based heuristics are then applied to the dynamic problem with continual retrievals and arrivals of containers. Again, numerical runs confirm that the IP‐based heuristic is competitive. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009     

A multifaceted heuristic for the orienteering problem

The orienteering problem involves the selection of a path between an origin and a destination which maximizes total score subject to a time restriction. In previous work we presented an effective heuristic for this NP-hard problem that outperformed other heuristics from the literature. In this article we describe and test a significantly improved procedure. The new procedure is based on four concepts—center of gravity, randomness, subgravity, and learning. These concepts combine to yield a procedure which is much faster and which results in more nearly optimal solutions than previous procedures.     

利用期间核查确定测量设备校准间隔

按照预定的日程实施测量设备再校准,是实验室一个通用的做法,ISO／IEC17025《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》要求,在测量过程中应按照经济合理的日程插入期间核查,以证实测量设备是否处于校准技术状态。本文打破以时间周期确定测量设备校准间隔的传统模式,探讨以测量设备测量被测对象的多少（即测量设备使用的频繁程度）为基础,利用期间核查实时发现测量设备校准技术状态的变化,从而确定测量设备校准间隔的新模式。     

大型试验任务的计量保障研究

为探讨计量技术对于保障大型试验任务顺利进行的重要作用,针对其覆盖领域广、参试设备多、测试现场点多线长的特点,重点分析了试验开始前、试验过程中和试验结束后对计量保障的需求。对于如何做好大型试验任务的计量保障工作,从明确计量工作合法参试地位、建立参试测量设备的计量确认体系、根据试验任务的需要合理调配计量资源及做好紧急情况下的应急处置等四个方面提出的几点思考性意见。