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Many manufacturers sell their products through retailers and share the revenue with those retailers. Given this phenomenon, we build a stylized model to investigate the role of revenue sharing schemes in supply chain coordination and product variety decisions. In our model, a monopolistic manufacturer serves two segments of consumers, which are distinguished by their willingness to pay for quality. In the scenario with exogenous revenue sharing ratios, when the potential gain from serving the low segment is substantial (e.g., the low‐segment consumers' willingness to pay is high enough or the low segment takes a large enough proportion of the market), the retailer is better off abandoning the revenue sharing scheme. Moreover, when the potential gain from serving the low (high) segment is substantial enough, the manufacturer finds it profitable to offer a single product. Furthermore, when revenue sharing ratios are endogenous, we divide our analysis into two cases, depending on the methods of cooperation. When revenue sharing ratios are negotiated at the very beginning, the decentralized supply chain causes further distortion. This suggests that the central premise of revenue sharing—the coordination of supply chains—may be undermined if supply chain parties meticulously bargain over it. 相似文献
547.
Environmentally friendly energy resources open a new opportunity to tackle the problem of energy security and climate change arising from wide use of fossil fuels. This paper focuses on optimizing the allocation of the energy generated by the renewable energy system to minimize the total electricity cost for sustainable manufacturing systems under time‐of‐use tariff by clipping the peak demand. A rolling horizon approach is adopted to handle the uncertainty caused by the weather change. A nonlinear mathematical programming model is established for each decision epoch based on the predicted energy generation and the probability distribution of power demand in the manufacturing plant. The objective function of the model is shown to be convex, Lipchitz‐continuous, and subdifferentiable. A generalized benders decomposition method based on the primal‐dual subgradient descent algorithm is proposed to solve the model. A series of numerical experiments is conducted to show the effectiveness of the solution approach and the significant benefits of using the renewable energy resources. 相似文献
548.
工作电压对喷射电沉积Ni镀层形貌及性能的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用喷射电沉积技术制备了Ni镀层。研究了工作电压对电流特性、镀层表面形貌、显微硬度和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:随着工作电压的升高,平均电流密度逐渐增大,镀层的显微硬度和耐磨性逐渐增强,镀层表面的平整度和减摩效果下降。 相似文献
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在标准的编制中处理好标准技术的先进性与可操作性是至关重要的,如果不顾及我国企业的现实情况,片面地强调技术先进,标准将难于贯彻,标准失去了制定的价值;同样照搬企业现行技术,缺乏技术升华,也失去了制定标准的意义。本文结合WJ/Z429—2004《反坦克导弹武器系统精度分配导则》编制工作介绍了这方面的工作体会。 相似文献
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分析了军用任务规划与管控的研究背景与军事需求,概括了国内外各种军用应用领域中任务规划和管控技术的相关研究,重点归纳了国内外卫星任务规划调度的技术方法,从体系工程的视角提出军用任务规划与管控技术的研究框架和关键技术,分析了两个应用层次的实用价值,最后给出了应用实践中的两个案例。 相似文献