Production and transport logistics scheduling with two transport mode choices

This paper considers a new class of scheduling problems arising in logistics systems in which two different transportation modes are available at the stage of product delivery. The mode with the shorter transportation time charges a higher cost. Each job ordered by the customer is first processed in the manufacturing facility and then transported to the customer. There is a due date for each job to arrive to the customer. Our approach integrates the machine scheduling problem in the manufacturing stage with the transportation mode selection problem in the delivery stage to achieve the global maximum benefit. In addition to studying the NP‐hard special case in which no tardy job is allowed, we consider in detail the problem when minimizing the sum of the total transportation cost and the total weighted tardiness cost is the objective. We provide a branch and bound algorithm with two different lower bounds. The effectiveness of the two lower bounds is discussed and compared. We also provide a mathematical model that is solvable by CPLEX. Computational results show that our branch and bound algorithm is more efficient than CPLEX. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005     

Sojourn times in a two‐stage queueing network with blocking

The model considered in this paper involves a tandem queue consisting of a sequence of two waiting lines. The main feature of our model is blocking, i.e., as soon as the second waiting line reaches a certain upper limit, the first line is blocked. The input of units to the tandem queue is the MAP (Markovian arrival process), and service requirements are of phase type. Our objective is to study the sojourn time distribution under the first‐come‐first‐serve discipline by analyzing the sojourn time through times until absorption in appropriately defined quasi‐birth‐and‐death processes and continuous‐time Markov chains. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

Economic ordering decisions with market choice flexibility

Standard approaches to classical inventory control problems treat satisfying a predefined demand level as a constraint. In many practical contexts, however, total demand is comprised of separate demands from different markets or customers. It is not always clear that constraining a producer to satisfy all markets is an optimal approach. Since the inventory‐related cost of an item depends on total demand volume, no clear method exists for determining a market's profitability a priori, based simply on per unit revenue and cost. Moreover, capacity constraints often limit a producer's ability to meet all demands. This paper presents models to address economic ordering decisions when a producer can choose whether to satisfy multiple markets. These models result in a set of nonlinear binary integer programming problems that, in the uncapacitated case, lend themselves to efficient solution due to their special structure. The capacitated versions can be cast as nonlinear knapsack problems, for which we propose a heuristic solution approach that is asymptotically optimal in the number of markets. The models generalize the classical EOQ and EPQ problems and lead to interesting optimization problems with intuitively appealing solution properties and interesting implications for inventory and pricing management. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.     

直升机工作特性建模与飞行性能仿真

以涡轮轴发动机工作特性建模为中心,对某系列直升机飞行性能进行仿真研究,力争实现对直升机实施"基于状态的维修"。讨论了直升机飞行性能和涡轮轴发动机特性的表述方法,建立了涡轮轴发动机的数学模型,并讨论了其解法与应用。基于发动机台架性能仿真程序对该模型进行简化,得到涡轮轴发动机工作过程的热力学模型。对发动机性能进行计算完成飞行性能仿真,应用结果表明该方法是可信、高效的。     

考虑多轴应力与共振影响的随机振动疲劳寿命预测

目前工程上计算结构随机疲劳寿命时,仍经常采用基于单轴拉-压疲劳寿命(Stress-Number of cycles,S-N)曲线的应力寿命方法。虽然使用简单方便,但这种方法不仅忽视了单轴S-N曲线且不能准确反映结构在多轴应力状态下的疲劳,还忽略了随机振动中共振对结构疲劳寿命的影响,因此该方法在预测结构在随机振动下的疲劳寿命时与实际寿命往往有较大误差。对此引入三轴因子来反映结构在随机振动下的多轴应力状态,同时推广得到其在频域上的表达式,并在此基础上引入非线性函数,提出了一个新的随机振动疲劳损伤参量——多轴振动因子。新的损伤参量不仅同时考虑了结构随机振动下的多轴应力状态与共振对疲劳寿命的影响,而且该损伤参量形式简单,便于工程应用。利用新的随机振动疲劳损伤参量,得到了适用于随机振动下的多轴S-N曲线,从而建立了一种新的随机振动疲劳寿命预测方法。通过对7075-T6和LY12CZ铝合金缺口试件的随机振动疲劳寿命进行预测,结果表明该方法较准确地预测了两种缺口试件随机振动下的疲劳寿命。     

Heart analytics: Analytical modeling of cardiovascular care

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and disability both in the United States and worldwide. Despite high morbidity, mortality, and cost in the United States and global healthcare systems, cardiovascular care has been understudied in the healthcare operations management literature. In this paper, we identify research opportunities for healthcare operations management scholars to aid in improving cardiovascular care. We focus on three burdensome conditions, including (1) coronary artery disease, (2) stroke, and (3) heart failure, which, collectively, lead to the vast majority of CVD‐caused mortality and disability. For each condition, we characterize a typical patient's journey in receiving cardiovascular care, elucidating key challenges in improving care and outlining research questions for healthcare operations management scholars. We close with a reference to new research opportunities that emerge as artificial intelligence is likely to transform much of cardiovascular care.     

多因素观测来源不确定的多目标跟踪算法

杂波、低检测概率和目标间观测相互干扰等因素,使得目标观测的来源难以辨别,提出一种基于改进GMPHD滤波的多目标跟踪算法,通过引入目标标记和权重向量,增广了标准GMPHD迭代中目标信息.基于高斯分量合并策略、目标状态估计策略和高斯分量优化策略,能够有效地改善目标状态估计精度和滤波迭代效率.目标跟踪仿真实验结果表明了所提算法的有效性及鲁棒性.     

人工智能技术的军事应用边界研究

与国际上其他军事强国相比,我国军事智能化发展还处于起步和探索阶段。当前军事智能化发展呈现出技术增长点随机发散与关键技术领域不聚焦等特征,阻碍了人工智能技术在军事领域的应用。人工智能技术在军事应用中应本着"有所为有所不为"的原则。为了增强对"为军所用"人工智能核心技术的评价能力,推动高需求匹配度的核心技术发展,本文对军事智能化的边界问题进行了探索研究,通过将军事智能"五性"与现有武器装备"六性"和作战试验与鉴定相结合,并基于"封闭性"准则,提出了将"军事智能化"这一开放性问题进行边界收敛,以促进军事智能技术创新发展呈现收敛状态并逐步形成有序的体系。     

Research on the influences of confining pressure and strain rate on NEPE propellant: Experimental assessment and constitutive model

In order to study the influences of confining pressure and strain rate on the mechanical properties of the Nitrate Ester Plasticized Polyether (NEPE) propellant, uniaxial tensile tests were conducted using the self-made confining pressure system and material testing machine. The stress-strain responses of the NEPE propellant under different confining pressure conditions and strain rates were obtained and analyzed. The results show that confining pressure and strain rate have a remarkably influence on the mechanical responses of the NEPE propellant. As confining pressure increases (from 0 to 5.4 MPa), the maximum tensile stress and ultimate strain increase gradually. With the coupled effects of confining pressure and strain rate, the value of the maximum tensile stress and ultimate strain at 5.4 MPa and 0.0667 s⁻¹ is 2.03 times and 2.19 times of their values under 0 MPa and 0.00333 s⁻¹, respectively. Afterwards, the influence mechanism of confining pressure on the NEPE propellant was analyzed. Finally, based on the viscoelastic theory and continuous damage theory, a nonlinear constitutive model considering confining pressure and strain rate was developed. The damage was considered to be rate-dependent and pressure-dependent. The constitutive model was validated by comparing experimental data with predictions of the constitutive model. The whole maximum stress errors of the model predictions are lower than 4% and the corresponding strain errors are lower than 7%. The results show that confining pressure can suppress the damage initiation and evolution of the NEPE propellant and the nonlinear constitutive model can describe the mechanical responses of the NEPE propellant under various confining pressure conditions and strain rates. This research can lay a theoretical foundation for analyzing the structural integrity of propellant grain accurately under working pressure loading.