Ballistic impact properties of woven bamboo- woven E-glass- unsaturated polyester hybrid composites

In this study, a laminated woven bamboo/woven E glass/unsaturated polyester composite is developed to combat a ballistic impact from bullet under shooting test. The aim of this study is to understand the fundamental effects of the woven bamboo arrangement towards increasing ballistic resistance properties. The work focusses on the ballistic limit test known as NIJ V50, which qualifies materials to be registered for use in combat armor panels. The results show that the composites withstood 482.5 m/s ± 5 limit of bullet velocity, satisfying the NIJ test at level II. The findings give a strong sound basis decision to engineers whether or not green composites are qualified to replace synthetic composites in certain engineering applications.     

采用自适应简化不确定性卡尔曼滤波算法的飞行器导航控制方案

针对飞行器绕本体轴高速旋转的飞行过程出现的严重耦合干扰问题和大角加速度和大角速度测量问题,提出了一种自适应简化不确定性卡尔曼滤波算法。该算法使用超球面分布采样点和线性转移等方法简化算法采样计算和采样点的权值计算,提高算法效率;利用模型噪声和线性方程,通过一步预测进行自适应设计,计算滤波值和误差方差矩阵;使用次优噪声估计器推算过程噪声;对过程噪声进行正定判定,防止算法发散。仿真结果表明,这一改进的自适应简化不确定性卡尔曼滤波算法能够有效减少滚转角解算误差和耦合干扰,提高飞行器着陆点的精度。     

Microcrack- and microvoid-related impact damage and ignition responses for HMX-based polymer-bonded explosives at high temperature

Investigating the damage and ignition behaviors of polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) under a coupled impact and high-temperature loading condition is required for the safe use of charged PBXs. An improved combined microcrack and microvoid model (CMM) was developed for better describing the thermal effects of deformation, damage, and ignition responses of PBXs. The main features of the model under typical dynamic loadings (i.e. uniaxial tension and compression, and lateral confinement) at different initial temperature were first studied. And then the effects of temperature on impact-shear sensitivity of HMX-based PBXs were investigated. The results showed that the ignition threshold velocity of shear-crack hotspots exhibits an increase from 260 to 270 to 315–325 m/s when initial temperature increases from 301 to 348 K; and then the threshold velocity decreases to 290–300 m/s with the initial temperature continually increasing to 378 K. The predicted ignition threshold velocity level of the explosives under coupled impact and high temperature loading conditions were consistent with the experimental data.     

未知环境下飞行器视觉/惯导组合测速测高方法

针对未知环境下飞行器导航问题,提出一种基于视觉/惯导组合的测速测高方法。该方法构建包含前若干个成像时刻飞行器位置的惯导扩展状态方程,并采用一种基于摄像机两视图对极几何约束的线性视觉量测方程,通过卡尔曼滤波进行惯导速度修正,在此基础上利用多帧成像的立体视觉交会估计地面特征点坐标,进而得到飞行器相对高度。以飞行器典型巡航轨迹进行的仿真实验表明,该方法能够有效修正飞行器速度和相对高度误差,给出不随时间漂移的速度和相对高度测量结果,并很好地抑制飞行器位置误差的发散。     

基于速度可控粒子群算法的航天测控系统任务可靠性分配

航天测控系统是一个典型的多阶段任务系统,讨论了可靠性分配时的约束条件和分配目标,构建了其任务可靠性分配模型,针对任务可靠性分配这类复杂的约束组合优化问题,提出了一种速度可控的粒子群优化算法.为克服粒子群算法的早熟问题,该算法引入了速度更新的方向控制规则和尺度控制规则用于增加群体的多样性,并根据两种控制规则,提出了种群粒子的速度更新策略.通过算例仿真,表明算法在用于航天测控系统任务可靠性分配问题时具有分配结果优、收敛速度快等优点.     

基于多传感器径向速度测量的目标跟踪方法

针对基于位置信息的目标跟踪在初始跟踪和运动模型变化阶段航向估计精度低的情况,利用传感器径向速度测量精度较高的特性,提出了一种基于多传感器径向速度测量的目标跟踪方法,解决数据更新周期长、定位精度低情况下目标跟踪的精度问题。仿真实验证明采用文中所提方法对跟踪精度有较大的提高。     

基于速度矢量的双基地雷达模糊函数分析

通过研究双基地雷达系统模糊函数数学模型和当发射信号为高斯单脉冲且目标相对接收机的距离和速度变化时双基地雷达系统模糊函数的特性,分析了目标的速度大小与方向对模糊函数的影响。该模型可有效考核任意发射脉冲信号的双基地雷达系统的分辨力及距离和速度模糊等问题,对研究双基地雷达系统性能有着重要的理论参考价值。     

旋转弹丸炮口直线速度测定方法研究

根据计转数引信原理,提出了一种全新的旋转弹丸炮口直线速度测定方法。该方法的关键在于采用固定转数内计时机理,重点在于根据最小误差原则确定最佳转数。分析了该方法在工程应用中可能面临的计转数起点确定、电源以及盲区问题,展望了其在库存弹药灵巧化和半灵巧化改造中的广泛应用前景。     

A comprehensive review on material selection for polymer matrix composites subjected to impact load

Polymer matrix composites (PMC) are extensively been used in many engineering applications. Various natural fibers have emerged as potential replacements to synthetic fibers as reinforcing materials composites owing to their fairly better mechanical properties, low cost, environment friendliness and biodegradability. Selection of appropriate constituents of composites for a particular application is a tedious task for a designer/engineer. Impact loading has emerged as the serious threat for the composites used in structural or secondary structural application and demands the usage of appropriate fiber and matrix combination to enhance the energy absorption and mitigate the failure. The objective of the present review is to explore the composite with various fiber and matrix combination used for impact applications, identify the gap in the literature and suggest the potential naturally available fiber and matrix combination of composites for future work in the field of impact loading. The novelty of the present study lies in exploring the combination of naturally available fiber and matrix combination which can help in better energy absorption and mitigate the failure when subjected to impact loading. In addition, the application of multi attributes decision making (MADM) tools is demonstrated for selection of fiber and matrix materials which can serve as a benchmark study for the researchers in future.     

Hypersonic impact flash characteristics of a long-rod projectile collision with a thin plate target

Impact flash occurs when objects collide at supersonic speeds and can be used for real-time damage assessment when weapons rely on kinetic energy to destroy targets.However,the mechanism of impact flash remains unclear.A series of impact flash experiments of flat-head long-rod projectiles impacting thin target plates were performed with a two-stage light gas gun.The impact flash spectra for 6061 aluminum at 1.3-3.2 km/s collision speeds were recorded with a high-speed camera,a photoelectric sensor,and a time-resolved spectrometer.The intensity of the impact flash exhibited a pulse charac-teristic with time.The intensity(I)increased with impact velocity(V0)according to I∝Vn0,where n = 4.41 for V0 ＞ 2 km/s.However,for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,n = 2.21,and the intense flash duration is an order of magnitude less than that of higher V0.When V0 ＞ 2 km/s,a continuous spectrum(thermal radiation background)was observed and increased in intensity with V0.However,for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,only atomic line spectra were detected.There was no aluminum spectral lines for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,which indicated that it had not been vaporized.The initial intense flash was emission from excited and ionized ambient gases near the impact surface,and had little relationship with shock temperature rise,indicating a new mechanism of impact flash.