Military Innovation Studies: Multidisciplinary or Lacking Discipline?1

This article explores the evolution of the field of military innovation studies, critiquing its theoretical foundations and setting out a number of challenges that must be overcome if the field is to fulfil its potential and enhance its contribution to wider disciplinary debates as well as to the practitioner community. Tensions between the main theoretical approaches to military innovation are examined as are the challenges inherent in its increasingly multidisciplinary character. The issue of whether military innovation studies constitutes a field in its own right is addressed before recommendations are made to expand the field’s research agenda, broaden its theoretical base and strengthen its multidisciplinary credibility.     

基于专家系统的消磁电流决策

分析了建立消磁电流决策的专家系统的可行性 ,从基本概念和实际应用等方面介绍了基于专家系统的消磁电流决策的状态描述、数据库的建立以及推理机的确立等     

灰色数列预测应用分析

对灰色理论与统计分析在装备经济管理工作中的实用性分别以模型机理、模型数据处理复杂性和模型结果精度三方面进行了比较分析,着重指出在某些情况下灰色模型具有小样本而精度高的特点,并列举了实例加以说明．     

Learning to Fight and Fighting to Learn: Practitioners and the Role of Unit Publications in VIII Fighter Command 1943–1944

A military cannot hope to improve in wartime if it cannot learn. Ideally, in wartime, formal learning ceases and the application of knowledge begins. But this is optimistic. In 1942, USAAF Eighth Air Force assumed it had the means necessary for victory. In reality, its technique and technology were only potentially – rather than actually – effective. What remained was to create the practice of daylight bombing – to learn. This article (1) recovers a wartime learning process that created new knowledge, (2) tests existing tacit hypotheses in military adaptation research, and (3) offers additional theoretical foundation to explain how knowledge is created in wartime     

神经网络在联合火力打击目标价值分析中的应用

针对联合火力打击中目标价值的特点,运用BP神经网络理论对目标价值进行分析,并建立了联合火力打击目标价值分析指标体系,设计了BP神经网络模型;通过定义学习代价函数、确定函数输出信号、修正函数信号、网络初始化等改进BP算法对目标价值进行了分析,得到了目标打击序列分类.算例验证了该算法的合理、高效、稳定,在联合火力打击中目标优选分类方面具有广泛的实用意义.     

Israeli foreign policy and the arms race in the Middle East 1950–1960

Previous accounts of the arms race in the Middle East during the 1950s have focused on the imbalance that resulted from the ‘Czech deal’ of September 1955. While that transfer of weaponry by the Soviet Union to Egypt constituted both a historical turning point and sharp acceleration of the arms race, it was only one of several changes in the regional strategic balance of that decade. This article makes extensive use of archival material in order to identify five phases of the arms race of the 1950s and analyze the manner in which Israeli policy‐makers dealt with the exigencies of procurement during each phase. Except for a brief period following the arms deals with France in 1956 that marked the beginning of the fifth phase examined below, the Israelis never abandoned the attempt to obtain arms from the United States. Israel's success in maintaining a high degree of independence in foreign policy throughout this period was the result of arms purchases from Britain and France that marked each phase of the arms race examined here. Yet, the Israelis considered arms from both of these Western powers to be temporary substitutes for the arms relationship with the USA that came about during the 1960s.     

基于时间序列图书借阅的预测与分析

以武警工程大学图书馆2009～2012年的读者借阅流量为基础,基于年、月等时间序列,分别建立了相应读者借阅流量的分布图,对分布规律进行了分析总结,为今后图书馆的管理决策提供了理论依据。     

Innovation Inhibitors in War: Overcoming Obstacles in the Pursuit of Military Effectiveness

What explains the pace at which militaries adopt new technology? We argue that the hierarchical structure and unique expertise requirements of military organizations combine to empower select individuals as ‘gatekeepers’ of innovation. These individuals acquire beliefs throughout their military careers regarding the nature and means of warfare that act to shape their attitudes towards new military innovations. By filtering, sidelining, and ignoring competing sources of advice and information, these officers actively inhibit the adoption of new, often advantageous, innovations. We develop this argument through the analysis of two cases: the delayed acquisition of breech-loading and repeating rifles by the Union Army during the American Civil War, and the failure of the US Army to adopt an adequate heavy-type tank in World War II.     

基于操纵件状态时序变化的车辆换挡动作识别方法

为了解决驾驶训练中乘员操纵动作难以保留和再现,而无法进行深入分析的不足,提出了用操纵件位移数据记录乘员动作,用状态变化矩阵描述动作过程,用驾驶规则中规定的动作时序特征识别乘员特定操作动作等一系列新方法,实现了车辆驾驶动作的数字化记录、智能化识别和自动化评估。     

动态系统可靠性分析的新概念

传统可靠性分析的概念只能描述静态逻辑关系,不能满足现代复杂动态系统可靠性分析的需要。在给出动态系统状态空间结构和结构函数的基础上,提出失效序列和失效丛的概念描述动态系统的故障模式,这一概念扩展了传统可靠性分析的概念,将割集、蕴含集等作为其在静态情形的特例。给出动态系统部件的概率重要度、结构重要度以及关键重要度的概念,用实例对提出的有关概念进行了说明。