以多元智能理论为指导的大学英语教学模式探析

由美国发展心理学家、哈佛大学研究生院心理学教授霍华德·加德纳于1983年提出的多元智能理论，对外语教学的革新提供了新的视角。该理论与外语学科关系密切，其内涵比任何一种教学法都更加丰富。发展学生的多元智能，已经成为21世纪外语教学的一种趋势。多元智能理论指导下的大学英语教学模式，对发展现代大学英语教学具有现实意义。     

The struggle of a Kantian power in a Lockean world – German leadership in security and defence policy

ABSTRACT

German security and defence policy has undergone substantial transformation. This transformation requires an unprecedented level of political leadership, suggesting that Germany needs to solve the dilemma of how to supply leadership to increasingly demanding partners. What are the conditions under which German leadership can unfold in security and defence policy? To what degree do German role-conceptions of international agency and role-expectations of German leadership coincide? What kind of leadership outputs are produced? This study offers a comprehensive analysis of German security and defence policy in terms of supply (role conceptions) and demand (role expectations). We outline three leadership role conceptions present in the German strategic debate, which we then assess in the context of the Wendtian theory of cultures of anarchy. We then analyse Berlin's leadership in terms of outputs via the case study on Anchor Army and the Framework Nations Concept. We conclude that while Germany has tried to match leadership role expectations both rhetorically and in action, Berlin's leadership inputs have so far been insufficient. This has led to an imbalance in terms of role conceptions and expectations hampering effective German leadership in security and defence policy.     

Rose-tinted lenses: how American functionalist strategy inhibits our appreciation of complex conflicts

Strategists and military professionals have previously questioned many of the methodological (theoretical underpinnings, the principles, and rules applied by the discipline) decisions associated with American military strategy, but the direction this essay takes is above and beyond the common methodological rivalries in how we pursue strategic desired future states. To get beyond methodological disputes entirely, we must consider thinking about our thinking as an organization on American strategy. Thus, this article hovers between philosophies, organizational theory, as well as our usually unquestioned belief in something called “strategy”. Questioning things about our basic understanding of the world tends to trigger strong organizational defense mechanisms, for good reason. Critical reflection at deep levels puts our worldview, and our role within it at stake. Nonetheless, as strategic disappointment emerges over multiple complex conflict developments, even the most cherished and guarded choices on how the world ought to work are ripe for critical inquiry. This essay examines the limited single strategic paradigm of the US defense industry and how the latest American National Security Strategy and Army Future Operating Concept (Win in a Complex World through 2030) presents a flawed strategic position. This essay presents valid alternative strategies that operate within different paradigmatic constructs.     

政府重塑理论在消防管理中的应用

利用政府重塑理论分析了我国消防管理模式的现状，指出近几年我国消防管理体制改革的思路和方向正是政府重塑理论所倡导的强调效率、注重“掌舵”而不是“划桨”的管理模式。针对我国现行消防管理体制存在的政府职能发挥不足、消防安全责任不明确、体制不顺的问题，结合我国国情和消防工作特点，借鉴政府重塑理论的思想精髓，提出了构建一个既“掌舵”又“划桨”的、充满竞争活力的、受效果驱动的、“企业行政”式的消防管理模式的改革思路。     

数字化部队作战能力评估指标体系

为加深对数字化部队作战能力的研究,完善数字化部队的编制体制,以系统科学与工程理论为指导,针对现代战争系统的四大要素对现代战争全过程进行分析,构建数字化部队战争系统模型分解图,将现代战争系统分解成部队与武器子系统、电子信息子系统、决策指挥子系统、后勤保障子系统.最后对各子系统的能力指标内涵及构成进行了详细的解释,并对其获取和度量方法进行了总结.     

具时滞的比率型三种群捕食系统的全局渐近稳定性

研究了一类具有时滞的比率型三种群捕食者-食饵系统,给出了系统持续生存的条件。通过构造Lyapunov泛函的方法得到了该系统正平衡态全局渐近稳定的充分条件。     

声场波数积分最大截止波数自动选取算法

为了提高声场波数积分传递函数矩阵法的计算稳定性与精确性，提出基于预估-校正思想的最大截止波数自动选取算法，具有简单可靠、附带计算量小的优点。自由空间球面波算例测试结果表明，传递函数自下而上（单向）求解顺序的计算稳定性相对较差，在声源上方易出现积分核函数非物理发散，需要在不同深度上采用不同的截止波数才能计算出正确结果；而上下对进（双向）求解顺序的计算稳定性与计算精度均较高。     

一类具有时滞的病毒动力学模型分析

研究一类具有时滞的病毒动力学模型。研究了系统解的有界性;讨论了各个非负平衡点的局部稳定性,应用比较定理得到了各非负平衡点全局渐近稳定的充分条件。     

Forces of heresy versus forces of conservation: making sense of Hezb-e Islami-ye Afghanistan’s and the Taleban’s positions in the Afghan insurgency

Ethnicity and ideology are frequently used to determine whether an armed group is hostile or friendly vis-à-vis the state. By contrast, I argue that the social structure of insurgent movements holds more explanatory power for their respective positions than ethnicity or ideology. To illustrate this, I apply Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of a contest between forces of ‘conservation’ and forces of ‘heresy’ to the current Afghanistan war. I demonstrate that the social structure of the Taleban renders them prone to ‘heresy’, while the formerly second biggest insurgent group, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar’s party, has rather been an impeded force of ‘conservation.’     

Moving Beyond Population-Centric vs. Enemy-Centric Counterinsurgency

Historically, insurgency is one of the most prevalent forms of armed conflict and it is likely to remain common in the foreseeable future. Recent experiences with counterinsurgency in Iraq and Afghanistan offer many lessons for future counterinsurgents, but the discourse on the subject continues to be mired in a traditional dichotomy pitting population-centric approaches to counterinsurgency against enemy-centric approaches. Historical analysis suggests that this traditional dichotomy is not a sufficiently nuanced way to understand or plan for such operations. Instead, discussions of counterinsurgency should focus on two dimensions: actions (use of physical force vs. political or moral actions) and targets (active insurgents vs. insurgent support). This perspective divides the space of possible counterinsurgency efforts into four quadrants, suggesting that effective counterinsurgency campaigns find a balance of effort across the four quadrants that is well matched to the specific context.