强流真空二极管材料放气特性研究

高功率微波技术的实用化进程要求强流真空二极管缩短抽气准备时间并保持较高的真空度水平.材料出气是高真空状态下二极管腔体内的主要气源,直接制约着抽气和保真空时间.针对一种陶瓷真空界面、黄铜和硬铝为阴极和阳极外壳的氟橡胶压封二极管,利用真空设计软件VacTran建立了抽气模型,模拟了管道流导对有效抽速的影响以及真空室主要材料出气率和抽气曲线;实际比较了常温和烘烤状态下二极管材料的出气特性:以60h作为总的出气时间,200℃烘烤8h的出气量超过了总出气量的65%;真空室气压在没有吸气泵作用下维持10-2Pa水平的时间相比未烘烤时提高了约1.5倍.烘烤对缩短加速器真空系统准备时间、提高器件真空度水平具有明显效果.     

带电粒子束自生力对束流扩散的影响

带电粒子束由于受到静电斥力作用 ,它在传输时总是扩散的。本文根据相对论的罗仑兹变换以及牛顿运动定律 ,研究了带电粒子束在其自生空间电荷力作用下通过外层空间的真空中传输时的扩散现象 ,得出了粒子束传输的扩散方程 ,提出了一种计算粒子束扩散半径的方法。然后讨论了影响粒子束传输的各种因素 ,包括粒子束类型、能量、束流、出口初始束半径以及散角等。最后从传输技术角度指出了宜选择高能小流初始半径大的电子束 ,研究结果不仅同国外研究相符合 ,而且将为研究粒子束传输技术提供科学依据。     

一种新的一体化压水型反应堆──热管输热核反应堆构想

本文提出了热管输热核动力反应堆的构想,即用热管代替现今压水堆的一回路管道、主泵和稳压器,并对热管输热反应堆进行了原理分析,提出了工程应用可行性等急需研究的问题。     

磁性部件（CBG装置）的改进方案研究

船用核动力装置中装配的ＣＢＧ装置是重要的热控装置,由于研制年代和国情的实际,该装置是以自饱和磁放大器为基本元器件,从而具有一定的局限性。为加强船用核动力装置运行安全,本文提出了新的改进方案,具有一定的实用价值。     

核动力装置主系统对蒸汽发生器给水流量的动态响应

本文把集总参数法用于堆芯、一回路和二回路,导出了主系统对蒸汽发生器给水流量丧失的动态方程组及其解析解,非常适用于运行监督性快速计算。     

舰船利用柴油机冷却水余热作吸收式制冷空调装置热源的研究

对某型舰利用６—１５０Ｃ柴油发电机冷却水余热作为低品位热源进行溴化锂吸收式制冷进行了热力计算和节能分析。计算及分析结果表明：利用６—１５０Ｃ柴油发电机组冷却水余热作为某型舰吸收式空调机组的热源是可行的,它不仅满足该型舰制冷量的要求,还具有明显的节能效果。     

InSb纳米颗粒的制备与原子力显微镜

为进一步研究半导体纳米材料的物理特性,用真空沉积的方法在SiO2基片上制备了纳米InSb颗粒膜。用原子力显微镜扫描样品表面的分析显示,纳米InSb颗粒均匀地分布在SiO2基片表面。实验结果表明通过改变镀膜时间,可以得到具有不同颗粒尺寸的InSb纳米颗粒。     

Recent progress on transition metal oxides and carbon-supported transition metal oxides as catalysts for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

As a main oxidizer in solid composite propellants, ammonium perchlorate (AP) plays an important role because its thermal decomposition behavior has a direct influence on the characteristic of solid com-posite propellants. To improve the performance of solid composite propellant, it is necessary to take measures to modify the thermal decomposition behavior of AP. In recent years, transition metal oxides and carbon-supported transition metal oxides have drawn considerable attention due to their extraor-dinary catalytic activity. In this review, we highlight strategies to enhance the thermal decomposition of AP by tuning morphology, varying the types of metal ion, and coupling with carbon analogue. The enhanced catalytic performance can be ascribed to synergistic effect, increased surface area, more exposed active sites, and accelerated electron transportation and so on. The mechanism of AP decom-position mixed with catalyst has also been briefly summarized. Finally, a conclusive outlook and possible research directions are suggested to address challenges such as lacking practical application in actual formulation of solid composite propellant and batch manufacturing.     

Preparation and characterization of HMX/EVA/hBNNSs micro-composites with improved thermal stability and reduced sensitivity

Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets(HBNNSs)have huge potential in the field of coating materials owing to their remarkable chemical stability,mechanical strength and thermal conductivity.Thin-layer hBNNSs were obtained by a liquid-phase exfoliation of h-BN powders and incorporated into EVA coatings for improving the safety performance of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane(HMX).HBNNSs and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA)were introduced to HMX by a solvent-slurry process.For com-parison,the HMX/EVA and HMX/EVA/graphene(HMX/EVA/G)composites were also prepared by a similar process.The morphology,crystal form,surface element distribution,thermal decomposition property and impact sensitivity of HMX/EVA/hBNNSs composites were contrastively investigated.Results showed that as prepared HMX/EVA/hBNNSs composites were well coated with hBNNSs and EVA,and exhibited better thermal stability and lower impact sensitivity than that of HMX/EVA and HMX/EVA/G composites,suggesting superior performance of desensitization of hBNNSs in explosives.     

Insensitive energetic microspheres DAAF/RDX fabricated by facile molecular self-assembly

Insensitive energetic materials are promising in the defense weapons field. However, energetic materials still suffer from great challenges and the concern about their safety limits their utilization. In this work, insensitive energetic explosive 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan/hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (DAAF/RDX) microspheres were fabricated by self-assembly method. Rod-like DAAF/RDX was prepared by mechanical ball milling for comparison. DAAF/RDX composites with different mass ratios (90:10, 80:20, and 70:30) were obtained. The morphologies and structures of as-obtained DAAF/RDX composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that DAAF/RDX microspheres exhibited regular shaped microspheres with sizes from 0.5 to 1.2 μm. There was no crystal transition during the modification process. The thermal properties of as-obtained materials were then evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and materials studio software. DAAF/RDX microspheres showed an advanced decomposition peak temperature compared with rod-like DAAF/RDX. The binding energy and peak temperature values at zero β_i (T_P0) of DAAF/RDX (90:10) increased by 36.77 kJ/mol, 1.6 °C, and 58.11 kJ/mol, 12.3 °C compared to DAAF/RDX (80:20) and DAAF/RDX (70:30), indicating the better thermal stability of DAAF/RDX (90:10). The characteristic drop height (H₅₀) of DAAF/RDX (higher than 100 cm) composites was higher than that of raw RDX (25 cm), suggesting significant improvements in mechanical safety. The preparation of DAAF/RDX microspheres is promising for the desensitization of RDX and useful for the formation of other materials and future wide applications.