基于效能的舰艇电子对抗训练效果评估方法

摘 要：为解决舰艇电子对抗专业训练缺乏统一评估标准与方法体系等实际评估难题;采用系统分析方法结合舰艇电子对抗专业训练实际;研究提出了基于“任务要求分解”的作战效能量化指标体系构建方法、训练效果表达方法及实用评估指标体系、定量指标评估模型、评估标准等舰艇电子对抗训练效果评估方法体系;能够满足专业训练效果评估所需,对其它专业军事训练效果评估工作亦具有借鉴意义。     

基于仿真实验的弹道导弹阵地优选

合理部署弹道导弹位置对于提高作战效能具有至关重要的作用。基于解析计算的优化方法难以反映环境因素、武器装备的技术和动力特性等不确定性因素对部署位置的影响,求得的结果存在置信度低的问题。故将解析法与仿真实验相结合,以体系对抗条件下弹道导弹作战效能评估的数学模型为基础,建立了由各种作战实体和行动的模型聚合而成的弹道导弹攻防对抗仿真模型,然后通过仿真实验找出最优部署位置,最后给出了应用示例。实验表明该方法具有速度快、效率高、结果清晰直观的特点,可为指挥员提供科学、快速的决策支持。     

弹道导弹中段拦截产生的空间碎片影响分析

针对弹道导弹中段拦截产生的空间碎片可能对在轨航天器的影响进行了分析,弹道导弹中段拦截产生的空间碎片的质量、速度和运行时间都很有限,本质上为亚轨道残骸,不会对在轨航天器造成重大影响,对在轨航天器的威胁主要来自流星和以往空间任务产生的轨道残骸.     

Damage behavior of the KKV direct hit against fluid-filled submunition payload

The damage effects of fluid-filled submunition payload impacted by the kinetic kill vehicle (KKV) are investigated by simulations and ground-based experiments. Numerical simulations showed that the damage level and number of submunitions were significantly influenced by the diameter of the KKV compared with its length. Based on that, a high velocity penetrator formed by shaped charge explosion was used to simulate the direct hit experiment of a KKV impacting submunition payload. Experimental results demonstrated that the damage modes of submunitions mainly included the slight damage, perforation and total smash, showing a good agreement with the simulations. To understand the multiple damage modes of submunitions, the damage behavior of the submunitions in direct hit process were analyzed based on the AUTODYN-3D code. Numerical results presented that increased KKV diameter can increase the crater diameter and expand the damage volume, which will achieve a higher direct hit lethality. Further analysis indicated that there were other mechanical behaviors can enhance the damage to submunitions not lying in the KKV flight path, such as secondary debris kill, neighboring submunitions collision with each other, and high-speed fluid injection effect.     

弹道导弹被动段最优脉冲变轨方法

弹道导弹大气层外飞行时间长且弹道固定,易被敌方预测和拦截。针对以上问题,本文提出一种最优脉冲式变轨方法,该方法设计的弹道由2条不同的椭圆弧段组成,成功命中目标的同时,增加了敌方的拦截难度。以机动变轨所需能量和变轨后飞行剩余时间的加权最优为性能指标,设计了利用遗传算法在初始弹道上寻求最优变轨点的方法。最后,将遗传算法搜索最优点结果与遍历搜索结果进行对比,其最大误差为 ,从而验证了遗传算法在应用于导弹变轨问题,用以寻求最优变轨点是准确有效的。     

Experiment and simulation of launching process of a small-diameter steel cartridge case

In order to explore the rules of the deformation force during the launching of a small-diameter steel cartridge, the semi-closed bomb test method is used to test the greatest strains on chamber outer wall under the different chamber pressures. The pressure curves of cartridge chamber are measured in experiment, and the tensile test data of cartridge are loaded into the numerical calculation to compare with the experimental data. The conclusion was obtained that the calculated results match better with the experimental results by considering strain rate bilinear kinematic hardening material constitutive model. The forces on the various parts of the cartridge during launching and their deformation rules are achieved, in which the equivalent plastic strain decreases and the cylinder ring withstands the maximum equivalent stress when the cartridge case clings to the bore from the mouth to the bottom.     

On the continued acceleration of bomb casing fragments following casing fracture

It has been said that, once a bomb casing has fractured, “detonation gases will then stream around the fragments or bypass them, and the acceleration process stops there.” However, while apparently copious gas flow through casing fractures indicates some pressure release, it is also an indication of significant gas drive pressure, post casing fracture. This paper shows two approaches to the problem of calculating the actual loss of drive. One presents first-order analytical calculations, in cylindrical geometry, of pressure loss to the inside surface of a fractured casing. The second shows the modelling of a selected example in the CTH code. Both approaches reveal that gas escape, while occurring at its own sound-speed relative to the adjacent casing fragments, has to compete with rapid radial expansion of the casing. Together with some historic experiments now publicly available, our calculations indicate that post-fracture casing fragment acceleration is, for most systems, unlikely to be reduced significantly.     

基于飞行时间的弹道导弹火力控制

为了达到最佳射击效果,弹道导弹突击目标时经常需要多枚导弹同时击中目标,因此根据飞行时间确定发射时间则成为弹道导弹火力控制问题的重要内容。以具体导弹为例,采用仿真的方法分析了影响飞行时间的内在原因,得出了明确的结论,使导弹部队能够根据飞行时间确定发射时间,从而合理地进行火力控制,提高毁伤效果和震慑力。     

弹道导弹威胁估计模型构建

简要分析了弹道导弹飞行3个阶段的不同特点及各阶段导弹预警探测手段的侧重点,结合威胁估计的特征构建了弹道导弹威胁估计模型结构框架,运用多阶段贝叶斯网络理论,构造了主动段、自由段和再入段威胁估计模型,并明确了三阶段间的转换时机。采用动态贝叶斯方法对弹道导弹作战全过程进行威胁估计仿真推理,仿真结果能够反映导弹在飞行过程中威胁程度的变化特点,为反导指挥员作出辅助决策提供智力支持。