基于差分进化算法的铁磁物体磁化率优化方法

针对工程中铁磁物体磁化率难以确定的问题,以单元表面积分铁磁物体感应磁场模型为基础,利用磁场测量值建立了多维磁化率数学优化模型,并运用具有全局多维寻优能力的进化差分算法对多维磁化率数学模型进行了求解,进而确定了铁磁物体的感应磁场分布。最后,设计了空心圆筒磁测实验,实验结果表明:该方法能有效获取铁磁物质多维磁化率,还能精确计算铁磁物体的感应磁场分布。     

高超声速飞行器中若干气动难题的实验研究

回顾了近几年本研究团队在高超声速飞行器若干气动难题方面的实验研究进展。在边界层转捩方面,测量了边界层转捩现象,研究了攻角效应对圆锥边界层转捩的影响,获得了边界层转捩的脉动特性以其对飞行器表面热流和摩阻的影响。在激波-边界层干扰方面,分析了突起物形状变化对流动特性的影响,研究了复杂外形的流动特性。     

A novel gradient approach for optimal design and sensitivity analysis of EWMA control charts

Conventional control charts are often designed to optimize out‐of‐control average run length (ARL), while constraining in‐control ARL to a desired value. The widely employed grid search approach in statistical process control (SPC) is time‐consuming with unsatisfactory accuracy. Although the simulation‐based ARL gradient estimators proposed by Fu and Hu [Manag Sci 45 (1999), 395–413] can alleviate this issue, it still requires a large number of simulation runs to significantly reduce the variance of gradient estimators. This article proposes a novel ARL gradient estimation approach based on integral equation for efficient analysis and design of control charts. Although this article compares with the results of Fu and Hu [Manag Sci 45 (1999), 395–413] based on the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart, the proposed approach has wide applicability as it can generally fit into any control chart with Markovian property under any distributions. It is shown that the proposed method is able to provide a fast, accurate, and easy‐to‐implement algorithm for the design and analysis of EWMA charts, as compared to the simulation‐based gradient estimation method. Moreover, the proposed gradient estimation method facilitates the computation of high‐order derivatives that are valuable in sensitivity analysis. The code is written in Matlab, which is available on request. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 223–237, 2014     

SECURITY GOVERNANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA

In the ten years since the establishment of South Africa's first inclusive democratic government, an ambitious, extensive and systematic process of reform has been carried out in the governance of security. The process is widely regarded as having been successful and a model for other processes of ‘security sector reform’ in the context of transitions from authoritarian forms of governance to democratic ones.

That this been achieved with hardly a shot fired in anger is a remarkable achievement and a credit to visionary political leadership as well as organisational capacity, in other words to effective security governance.

At the same time, progress has been uneven and sometimes fragmentary, policy intentions and commitments have not always been translated into practice, the end results have not been to everyone's liking, and transformation has engendered its own pathologies. Thus several challenges remain in improving security governance.

This article provides a broad overview of the roles played by the various actors in the governance of the security sector, including the executive, parliament and civil society. It examines the main policy frameworks and touches on organisational transformation, because it is impossible to deal with governance in isolation from these issues. Policy processes and the frameworks they give rise to—in particular—are critical for effective governance. This article deals with the defence, safety and security and intelligence fields. A comprehensive overview would need to include the governance of criminal justice and foreign policy. The article does not seek to make an overall evaluation of governance, but to identify achievements, shortfalls and challenges.     

地球外部空间扰动引力并行计算

针对传统的司托克斯积分方法计算量大、模型复杂的缺点,通过将地球球面以适当的经纬度差进行划分及合理简化,实现了司托克斯积分法计算外部空间扰动引力的积分方程的离散化,建立了地球扰动引力的快速计算模型,并在快速计算模型的基础上采用并行计算技术,实现扰动引力的实时计算。仿真结果表明,提出的快速并行计算模型能较好地实现地球扰动引力的快速、高精度计算。     

船用堆物理启动外推临界曲线优化研究

外推临界监督是反应堆物理启动过程中的重要安全保证,控制棒积分价值的非线性和反应堆内的中子泄漏都对外推的准确性有重要影响.针对这种情况提出了一种综合考虑控制棒价值与堆芯泄漏的外推方法,提高了外推的准确性.     

基于排队论的油料供给最优化分析

通过有限源排队系统的理论,分析油料供给工作中在满足一定的可靠性要求下的最优设计与最优分配问题,同时结合计算机技术,提出了求数值解的方法。     

一种基于区域标记的虹膜内边缘定位新算法

提出了一种新颖简单的虹膜内边缘(瞳孔)定位算法.首先,采用Soble边缘检测算子和形态学变换进行边缘检测;然后,利用区域标记法为边缘检测后形成的各连通成分赋予相应的灰度值,并利用直方图的方法分离出瞳孔区域;最后,采用投影的方法进行瞳孔的定位.实验结果表明,文中提出的方法能够准确地进行虹膜内边缘定位.     

非局部薄板动力学特性分析的广义有限积分变换方法

基于应力梯度非局部薄板理论模型,推导了非局部薄板动力学特性求解的广义有限积分变换方法.通过选取适应边界条件的积分核函数并构建广义积分变换对,应用积分变换将非局部薄板的高阶偏微分方程变换成线性方程组,直接求解得到固有频率.将广义有限积分变换方法的计算结果和有限元法及已有文献的结果进行对比,验证了本文方法的正确性.在此基础...     

棱纹面与洛仑兹力对湍流边界层特性影响的比较

用氢气泡技术对棱纹面平板以及施加行波式洛仑兹力的平板水边界层开展流动显示实验研究,探讨棱纹面与行波式洛仑兹力影响湍流边界层相干结构的作用机理.实验结果表明,棱纹面与洛仑兹力促进了边界层由层流向湍流的转捩;而对于湍流边界层,在一定的无量纲参数范围内棱纹面与行波式洛仑兹力都能实现边界层的局部减阻,相应地湍流边界层粘性底层低速条带平均间距有所增加.