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Minoru Okamura † 《Defence and Peace Economics》2013,24(4):309-330
Probing the technology in the production of US national defence by using a dynamic cost‐function model with adjustment costs, this paper evaluates the effect of reducing the level of national defence on the defence budget saving. Our inquiry involves estimating the defence production structure without output data for non‐market goods that are normally unavailable. Our findings include: (i) the United States behaves rationally to minimize cost in the production of national defence; (ii) the adjustment costs are larger in disarmament than in military build‐up; (iii) due to the adjustment costs peculiar to disarmament, the defence budget saving from disarmament appears small, but cutbacks allow great savings on the defence budget. 相似文献
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为克服多时相遥感图像变化检测中照度差异和配准误差的影响,采用边缘结构信息进行变化检测。利用多方向Gabor函数从图像梯度强度图中提取边缘结构信息,称之为边缘标记(Edge Tag,ET),通过比较多时相遥感图像中ET的互相关系数实现变化检测。为减小差异较小的边缘对检测结果的影响,在相关系数的计算中引入抑制因子。仿真图像和真实图像的实验结果表明,该方法能克服图像照度差异和配准误差对变化检测的影响,取得了较好的检测效果。 相似文献
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This article elaborates on how structural, normative and functional pressures for change may challenge military organizational characteristics. We problematize theoretically and exemplify empirically what consequences these pressures can have on military organizational characteristics, arguing that they constitute major challenges for managing in particular normative pressures for change. The empirical examples suggest that bureaucratic, hierarchical, narcissistic and greedy traits of the organization are challenged by normative pressures such as value changes and normalization. Another source of challenge is professionalization processes. Structural challenges, on the other hand, are managed by the organization and do not seem to inhibit the workings of organizational characteristics. The plausibility probe conducted questions the sustainability of military organizational characteristics in their traditional disguise, in particular due to legitimacy concerns. It is suggested that future research should be directed towards analyzing how military organizations manage pressure for change and whether their characteristics are questioned. 相似文献
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航天器进行气动力辅助异面变轨时 ,确定可达范围 (变轨结束时的倾角和升交点赤经 )是一个十分重要的问题。文中利用坐标变化法 ,得到了由初始轨道倾角为 0时的倾角改变量 ,确定任意初始倾角下可达范围的公式 ,使求解大为简化 相似文献
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《Small Wars & Insurgencies》2012,23(1):106-130
ABSTRACTCompelling trends in international affairs, such as the rise of private military companies (PMCs) and the increasing fragility of many nation-states, have caused some observers to question whether the state-centric, Westphalian world-order will exist in perpetuity. In this light, epochal change theory posits that world-orders have constantly changed and we are now witnessing a transition to a new one. In this paper, I discuss how small groups of private equity investors now control impressive war-fighting capabilities, and that this acquisition of PMCs by private equity firms is further evidence of epochal change theory. 相似文献
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Gary E Weir 《战略研究杂志》2013,36(2):411-427
The Cold War at sea expanded in many realms, including the frigid and treacherous waters of the Arctic Ocean. The US Navy pioneered these efforts with the visit of USS Nautilus to the North Pole in 1958. During the latter stages of the Cold War, however, Soviet naval strategists began to conceptualize the polar ice cap as a strategic asset for cloaking the operations of its nuclear missile submarines. As under-ice operations afforded the Soviet submarine fleet advantages of stealth, proximity to target and tighter lines of communications, both navies were forced to try to develop tactics for combat under these extremely complex and arduous conditions. 相似文献
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基于线特征的多时相遥感图像变化检测 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
多时相遥感图像中利用线特征可以感知道路等线形地物的变化。论文提出一种新的基于边缘特征描述的线特征变化检测算法,首先根据边缘的梯度信息得到变化边缘,并对变化边缘进行编组,形成变化边缘的直线支撑区域,然后通过最小二乘拟合方法从直线支撑区域中提取出变化直线。提出的线特征变化检测算法把边缘的相位和幅度信息作为变化检测的判定依据,从而避免了线的匹配与比较工作,降低了变化检测的算法复杂度,具有很强的实用性。将提出的方法用于多时相遥感图像变化检测,实验结果显示该方法的有效性。 相似文献
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GNSS欺骗干扰通常由单个天线发射,各个欺骗干扰信号到达接收机的角度相同,采用阵列天线接收时欺骗信号达到不同阵元的相位差包含了其角度信息,故可利用信号载波相位差进行欺骗干扰检测。相位双差检测算法通过比较不同卫星信号到达天线阵两阵元的相位差实现欺骗干扰的判别,但对于二元天线阵,其载波相位双差存在角度模糊,导致虚警概率较高,限制了算法的应用。针对这一问题,本文提出了基于天线阵方位变化的欺骗干扰检测算法,通过二元天线阵在不同方位估计信号的载波相位双差,进行多次判决,有效消除了角度模糊,降低检测的虚警概率,实现二元天线的载波相位双差检测。建立了仿真模型,并通过仿真计算分析验证了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
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由于矢量图匹配中涉及比例变化的匹配算法较少,提出了一种抗小比例变化的影像图与矢量图匹配方法。该方法先对遥感影像进行特征提取,然后与GIS矢量数据进行由局部到整体的动态规划匹配。具体过程为先进行点匹配,寻求坐标变换,再进行线匹配,求得线间Hausdorff距离最小为最优匹配。仿真实例表明该方法能够准确地匹配,并抗比例变化,可行性高。 相似文献