Contractual agreements for coordination and vendor‐managed delivery under explicit transportation considerations

We consider the coordination problem between a vendor and a buyer operating under generalized replenishment costs that include fixed costs as well as stepwise freight costs. We study the stochastic demand, single‐period setting where the buyer must decide on the order quantity to satisfy random demand for a single item with a short product life cycle. The full order for the cycle is placed before the cycle begins and no additional orders are accepted by the vendor. Due to the nonrecurring nature of the problem, the vendor's replenishment quantity is determined by the buyer's order quantity. Consequently, by using an appropriate pricing schedule to influence the buyer's ordering behavior, there is an opportunity for the vendor to achieve substantial savings from transportation expenses, which are represented in the generalized replenishment cost function. For the problem of interest, we prove that the vendor's expected profit is not increasing in buyer's order quantity. Therefore, unlike the earlier work in the area, it is not necessarily profitable for the vendor to encourage larger order quantities. Using this nontraditional result, we demonstrate that the concept of economies of scale may or may not work by identifying the cases where the vendor can increase his/her profits either by increasing or decreasing the buyer's order quantity. We prove useful properties of the expected profit functions in the centralized and decentralized models of the problem, and we utilize these properties to develop alternative incentive schemes for win–win solutions. Our analysis allows us to quantify the value of coordination and, hence, to identify additional opportunities for the vendor to improve his/her profits by potentially turning a nonprofitable transaction into a profitable one through the use of an appropriate tariff schedule or a vendor‐managed delivery contract. We demonstrate that financial gain associated with these opportunities is truly tangible under a vendor‐managed delivery arrangement that potentially improves the centralized solution. Although we take the viewpoint of supply chain coordination and our goal is to provide insights about the effect of transportation considerations on the channel coordination objective and contractual agreements, the paper also contributes to the literature by analyzing and developing efficient approaches for solving the centralized problem with stepwise freight costs in the single‐period setting. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

光互连网络中资源预留的多级光互连仲裁机制

基于资源预留策略提出一种多级光互连仲裁机制,通过将网络分级实现快速、高效的仲裁。多优先级数据缓存队列的传输节点设计,提供了不同类型流量的差异化传输;通过预约式两级仲裁机制,实现网络的完全公平与100%的高吞吐率。设计并对快速仲裁通道进行了合理布局,极大地缩短了仲裁延迟。仿真结果表明:采用基于资源预留的分级仲裁策略,在多种流量模式下所有节点均获得公平的服务。与Feather Weight相比,分级仲裁策略吞吐率提高17%;与2-pass相比,仲裁延迟减少15%,同时,功耗减少5%。     

一种大规模数字I/O通道的扩展方法

针对控制系统中普通数字I/O卡的通道数无法满足大规模数字I/O要求的问题,提出一种数字I/O通道扩展方案,并设计了一种32路光电隔离多通道数字I/O板,通过一个简单实例说明了这种扩展方案的具体实施,并证实其有效性.     

邻频干扰对跳频系统通信容量的影响分析

在已知台站布置的跳频系统中,针对邻频干扰对系统通信容量的影响,从信号信息熵角度,分析了接收点干扰信号和噪声的熵功率,利用信号熵和熵功率不等式,推导得出了以信道参数、干扰台站数和可用频点数为变量的系统通信容量公式。仿真结果表明,在干扰台站数较小时,接收点干扰信号的分布取决于信道参数,而不能简单地假设为高斯分布;并验证了所提理论在nakagami信道下的正确性。     

现代舰载光电装备与高科技局部海战

以现代物理、计算机、自动控制、信息处理与融合等高新技术为支撑的现代舰载光电装备技术,在现代海战中有着举足轻重的作用.根据现代海战的基本特点,论证了高科技局部海战对光电装备的3大需求,阐述了现代舰载光电装备的类别及其发展趋势.     

电话地球站 (TES) 网管仿真训练系统的设计与实现

在 TES通信网络中 ,网管起着关键的作用 ,对网管操作人员提出了特殊的要求。本着提高网管操作人员的业务水平 ,保证 TES通信网络的正常运营 ,使用最新的多媒体技术、计算机技术、可视化技术、交互仿真技术、关系数据库技术和面向对象的程序设计方法 [1 ] [2 ] ,设计开发出一套比较完善的网管仿真训练系统。该仿真训练系统完全实现了网管中心的主要功能 ,给网管操作人员提供了一套新颖高效的训练环境和训练方法     

基于判别分析阈值滤波协作通信系统信道估计

在基于正交频分复用技术的放大转发协作通信系统中,针对传统信道估计算法估计精度差的问题,提出一种基于判别分析阈值滤波离散傅立叶变换信道估计算法。该算法首先通过设置改进的阈值门限初步获得信道有效抽头,然后利用马氏距离判别分析对已检测出的信道抽头修正。仿真结果表明:和传统方法相比,提出方法有效地滤除了信道估计中的噪声,改善了信道估计精度和误码率性能。     

单通道自适应有源消声系统

对单通道自适应有源消声系统进行了频域分析,对系统的有关特性进行了讨论,并分别在半消声室和普通房间进行了降噪实验。在误差传声器周围取得了一定的有效空间范围。     

轻薄飞行舱结构的隔声模型与分析计算

对轻薄飞行舱结构的噪声隔离问题,提出了针对外形和构造较复杂的轻薄飞行舱结构的隔声模型和分析方法,并与模拟舱的隔声测量进行了比较,结果表明本文提出的隔声分析方法与计算模型是正确可行的,计算结果可作为评估飞行舱结构在隔声要求方面的依据     

聚氨酯弹性体隔声性能的研究

研究了损耗因子、厚度和填料对聚氨酯弹性体隔声性能的影响.结果表明:在相同频率下材料的损耗因子大,隔声性能好;由于在低频下材料的特性阻抗与水的特性阻抗失配严重,其隔声量较高频时大.材料的隔声量随着厚度的增加而增加,但在低频下,当厚度增加到40mm以后,隔声量随厚度的增加而变化得很缓慢,且不符合厚度每增加一倍,隔声量增加6dB这一规律.片状填料的加入提高了材料的隔声性能,该填料在5%～25%之间时,其含量对隔声性能影响较小.