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101.
JAMES NGCULU 《African Security Review》2013,22(1):95-97
Abstract A tremendous amount of important work has been done recently on operationalising the protection of civilians as a military task. The bulk of the discussion has focused on how militaries should respond to direct attacks on civilians. This is an important issue, but thinking about civilian protection should also include a serious examination of the ways in which the approach of military organisations to the problem of ‘spoiler’ groups can affect the level and dynamics of attacks on civilians – importantly, where armed groups are interested in violent control of civilian populations, attempts to ‘dislodge’ them from areas of control may substantially increase the level of violence against civilians (beyond the dangers to be expected from being near areas where active fighting is taking place). In 2009, the United Nations mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) supported the Congolese military in operations to dismantle the Hutu-dominated FDLR (Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda, Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda) militia group, at massive human cost. Critics have primarily focused on MONUC's failure to protect civilians from direct attack, consonant with the general discourse on tactics for civilian protection. These criticisms are valid, but in this paper I argue that two crucial additional considerations should be kept in mind: the way that military operations can affect violence against civilians, and the way that moralising the approach to armed groups, even those which have committed serious abuses, can limit military and political options – potentially in ways that increase civilian risk in the name of protecting them. 相似文献
102.
航母编队兵力配置是航母编队作战运用的基础内容,从作战任务的角度来研究航母编队兵力配置问题。航母编队基本作战样式可分为对空作战、对海作战、对潜作战和对岸作战4种,航母编队通过基本作战样式的组合来达成作战任务。基于每种作战样式下航母编队兵力执行的作战任务,确定了兵力配置的原则和方法。为研究航母编队兵力配置问题提供了一种可借鉴的思路。 相似文献
103.
Ron Matthews 《Defence and Peace Economics》2013,24(4):315-338
This paper examines the role of the military in Pakistan, particularly in regard to civil‐military relations and defence industrialisation. Pakistan's military expenditure is relatively high, but apart from investment multipliers, little of this spending filters through to the civil sector. Pakistan's defence‐industrial strategy centres on rebuild and Chinese technological collaboration. However, while this ‘capital‐saving’ approach has merit, the strategy has thus far failed to stimulate broader civil development linkages. A conclusion of this paper is that Pakistan is failing to maximise the strategic dual‐use benefits of integrating civil‐military activity. 相似文献
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高空长航时太阳能飞机是当前的前沿热点方向,可实现月量级的长期驻空,并形成“时间持久+区域保持”的新型应用能力。系统总结了高空长航时太阳能飞机三阶段发展历程,包括初期探索阶段、快速发展阶段、实用能力验证与应用示范阶段,重点阐述国外典型发展计划,深入分析气动布局设计、储能电池、高空推进、大尺度结构、飞行控制等面临的主要技术挑战,并提出重点攻关方向建议,为高空长航时太阳能飞机创新发展提供参考。 相似文献
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贺峰 《中国人民武装警察部队学院学报》2014,(2):69-71
阐述了民用设备用于消防灭火救援的使用现状和存在的主要问题,从使用民用设备被动管理分析了存在这些问题的主要原因,并采取提高调集能力、参战队员的救援素质、民用设备的使用率、注册登记的基础建设、互相制约机制等对策加强依法注册登记管理民用设备,拓宽灭火救援装备来源,解决灭火救援装备短缺的问题,调动全社会力量更好地完成消防部队担负的各项灭火救援任务。 相似文献
109.
Arturo C. Sotomayor 《Small Wars & Insurgencies》2014,25(5-6):992-1016
Can peacekeeping participation help reform military institutions in democratizing states? Drawing on evidence from Nepal – one of the world's largest troop contributors to UN peacekeeping operations – this essay illustrates that participation in peace missions can sometimes undermine security sector reform and deteriorate civil–military relations. Furthermore, this analysis shows that peacekeeping participation will not necessarily reorient troops away from their conventional internal roles (such as counterinsurgency) or improve civilian control over the armed forces. Hence, civilians can lose control over soldiers just as frequently when they are deployed overseas as when they are at home. 相似文献
110.